Maamar

A Chassidic discourse (also known as DACH - Divine Living Words) in Chabad Chassidism refers to teachings about Chassidic philosophy delivered or written by the Rebbe. According to Rabbi Hillel of Paritch, when a Rebbe delivers a discourse, the Divine Presence speaks through his throat.

Before the Rebbe begins delivering a discourse, Chassidim sing a special preparatory melody called a "preparation niggun." During the discourse, Chassidim stand in their places. There were times when the Rebbe would deliver a discourse without a preparation niggun.

Styles in Chabad Discourses

Each of our Rebbes had distinctive characteristics in their discourses:

The Alter Rebbe: Initially gave short "ways," then longer "letters," then "Torahs," and finally "discourses." His style changed after his imprisonment in Petersburg in 1799, with more detailed explanations.

The Mitteler Rebbe: Much longer discourses with extensive explanations, reflecting his connection to the spiritual level of Binah (understanding).

The Tzemach Tzedek: Rich with rabbinic quotes and references, sometimes challenging for those unfamiliar with the sources.

The Rebbe Maharash: Introduced the "Hemshech" - series of connected discourses on shared themes.

The Rebbe Rashab: Known as "the Rambam of Chassidic teachings" for his systematic explanations.

The Rebbe Rayatz: First to publish discourses in Yiddish translation for broader accessibility.

The Rebbe: Based on previous Rebbes' discourses while adding deep insights and innovations.

Intellectual and Practical Discourses

Intellectual discourses focus on abstract concepts, while practical discourses emphasize different levels of love for God and practical application. Both types complement each other.

Interpretive Discourses

These explain verses, rabbinic sayings, and Jewish concepts through Chassidic lens.

World-Purifying Discourses

Each Rebbe had specific discourses they would repeat periodically to purify the world's atmosphere.

The Rebbe's Discourses

The Rebbe would hold a handkerchief or physical object while delivering discourses. There were two types: traditional singing style and conversation style. Most were in conversation style.

The last traditional-style discourse was delivered on Shavuot Eve 5749 (1989), and the last conversation-style discourse was on Shabbat Chayei Sarah 5752 (1991).

Public Review of Discourses

It's customary in Chabad communities to publicly review the Rebbes' discourses, especially during Seudah Shlishit on Shabbat afternoon. Many communities maintain a rotation system for members to present these reviews.

The tradition emphasizes both accuracy in conveying the Rebbe's words and making them understandable to listeners.