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== Chassidic Perspective == | == Chassidic Perspective == | ||
When the Frierdiker Rebbe came to the neighborhood, Crown Heights was a mixed neighborhood, mostly Jewish, with Jews of all types and even different chassidic courts, but in the late 1950s with the expansion of Social Welfare laws (Section 8, Food Stamps, etc.) to help the poor, New York became the most worthwhile city for public assistance recipients, and this population, mostly Black, migrated and flocked en masse from the Southern states and across the USA to New York City, and concentrated in several neighborhoods including Crown Heights, and Jews began leaving the neighborhood, except for Chabad chassidim, who as the Rebbe said - would not leave the place chosen by the Frierdiker Rebbe, and 'here Hashem commanded the blessing.' | |||
The Rebbe's | The Rebbe clarified who bears responsibility for Crown Heights neighborhood security: "It's impossible to answer again and again!! Once and for the future - all matters of neighborhood security (and therefore the entire city of Bnei Yisroel there) are the responsibility (responsibility of pikuach nefesh) of the organizations and therefore their rabbonim (and therefore the Vaad Harabbonim) that belong to them." | ||
Over the years, the Rebbe's directives were fulfilled and the number of Chabad chassidic residents continues to grow, and consequently, apartment prices have jumped. | |||
== Chabad World Center == | |||
====== Extended Entry - 770 Eastern Parkway ====== | |||
In 1940, while the Frierdiker Rebbe was staying at a hotel in Manhattan, they searched for a suitable residence outside New York. A villa in Baltimore was offered as a gift, but the Rebbe refused, saying "B'soch ami anochi yoshev" (I dwell among my people). They also suggested purchasing the Mesivta Tiferes Yerushalayim building in Manhattan's East Side, but the Rebbe declined. | |||
After searching for a building that would meet the requirements for the Rebbe's house, they found 770 Eastern Parkway, which was a private clinic of a Jewish doctor. The building was suitable because it had an elevator - a rare feature in private homes at that time. The building was purchased in 1930 for $30,000, and since then, 770 has served as the Chabad World Center and the Rebbe's beis medrash, around which the neighborhood's life and worldwide Chabad movement revolve. | |||
== Beis Din == | == Beis Din == | ||
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* Machon L'Yahadus - Bnos Anash (formerly Machon Chana) Crown and President | * Machon L'Yahadus - Bnos Anash (formerly Machon Chana) Crown and President | ||
== Media and | == Institutions for Spreading Judaism == | ||
* Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch - The body responsible for all Shluchim activities and spreading of Chabad's extensive wellsprings throughout the world. The official chairman is the Rebbe, who was appointed according to the directive of the Frierdiker Rebbe. | |||
* Chabad on Campus; Rohr Jewish Learning Institute (JLI) | |||
* JNET | |||
* Office of the Shluchim | |||
* Young Agudat Chabad United States - Organization uniting all Chabad Shluchim in the United States and assisting them. The organization was established in 1955 by the Rebbe. The chairman is Rabbi David Raskin, and Rabbi Shmuel Menachem Mendel Butman serves as director. | |||
* Machne Israel - Organization established by the Frierdiker Rebbe aimed at influencing and strengthening Jews in matters of Torah and mitzvot. The organization operates the Mishnayot Baal Peh Society, World Tehillim Society, and organizes the annual central Shas distribution on Yud Tes Kislev. The organization was established in 1941. Members include anyone who registers. Membership is free of cost. Any Torah-observant Jew can register. The Rebbe appointed several members to the organization, of whom only Rabbi Chaim Yehuda Krinsky remains alive today. | |||
* SHALOH (Organization) - SHALOH (acronym for Shiurei Limud HaDat) or its full name "Committee of Defenders and Expanders of Kosher Education," manages a network of religious studies as part of the Released Time Program in New York public schools, founded by the Frierdiker Rebbe. | |||
* FREE - Spreading Judaism and Chassidut among Russian immigrant families. They have a synagogue and activity center on President Street and other locations in New York. | |||
== Additional Institutions Operating in the Neighborhood == | |||
* Lubavitch Library - This library is among the most important Jewish libraries in the world. The library houses about 250,000 books, including very ancient books, manuscripts, holy objects from Chabad Rebbes and general Chassidut, archives of Chabad-related news clippings, and more. The library also has an exhibition hall displaying certain items. The current chief librarian is Rabbi Shalom DovBer Levine. | |||
* Agudas Chasidei Chabad - Body meant to represent Chabad, coordinate the Shluchim, and ensure the expansion and establishment of the Lubavitch Library. According to the organization's bylaws, elections should be held every few years among the organization's leaders for the position of chairman, but in recent years elections have not been held. | |||
* Tzivos Hashem (New York) | |||
* Tzivos Hashem Museum - An interactive children's museum at the corner of Eastern Parkway and Kingston Avenue, operated by the Tzivos Hashem children's organization. The museum is designed for English-speaking Jewish children and is equipped with the latest electronic equipment to provide an attractive and enjoyable Jewish experience. | |||
* JEM (Jewish Educational Media) | |||
* Kollel Menachem, Kollel Avreichim (Crown Heights) | |||
* Crown Heights Community Council | |||
* OK Kosher - The OK Kosher organization, one of the largest and most recognized kosher certification agencies in the world, operates from Crown Heights, Brooklyn. | |||
== Synagogues in Crown Heights == | |||
* '''770''' - The Gabbaim (synagogue managers) are: Zalman Lipsker, Yosef Yitzchak Lash, and Avraham Holtzberg. | |||
* '''Beis Binyomin Synagogue''' - Named after R' Binyomin Levin of Nevel, founded on 9 Adar 2000. The Gabbai is R' Lima Minkowitz, located at 680 Montgomery. | |||
* '''Beis Shmuel''' - Named after Rabbi Mule Muchkin. Managed by R' Moshe Pinson and Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Grelick. Located in Tzivos Hashem Museum on the second floor. | |||
* '''Agudas Yisroel''' - Synagogue owned by the Chassidic philanthropist R' Sholom Ber Drizin, 465 Crown. | |||
* '''Ksav Sofer''' - Empire, Rabbi Nissan Mangel serves as the synagogue's rabbi. | |||
* '''Beis Eliezer Yitzchok''' above Mikvah Meir - Named after Rabbi Eliezer Yitzchok Levy. Rabbi Kalman Weinfeld serves as the synagogue's rabbi. | |||
* '''"Chassidim V'anshei Maaseh"''' Synagogue in the basement of 1466 Union. | |||
* '''"R' Michael's Minyan"''' in Oholei Torah Zal, 667 Eastern Parkway. | |||
* '''"Ahavas Achim"''' - "Empire Shtiebel" - Previously served by Rabbi Lipman Shapiro until his passing, 489 Empire. | |||
* '''"Ahavas Moshe"''' Synagogue 'Maple Street Shul' 612 Maple St, Rabbi Chaim Fogelman. | |||
* '''"Shain Shul"''' 390 Kingston Ave, of Rabbi Eliyahu Shain. | |||
* '''"Getzel Shul"''' in the basement of 1414 President. Named after R' Getzel Rubashkin, Gabbai Rabbi Ezagui. | |||
* '''"FREE"''' (Friends of Refugees of Eastern Europe) for immigrants from the Soviet Union, 1383 President. | |||
* '''"Anshei Moshe"''' Synagogue in the basement of R' Menachem Mendel Yuswitz in Lincoln Place. | |||
* '''"Merkaz Avreichim"''' 466 Albany in basement, Rabbi Ephraim Fishel Oster. | |||
* '''"Beis Gimpl Chaim"''' named after Gimpl Ormland and Yitzchak Names, 309 New York. | |||
* '''Anash Synagogue''' ("Fisher Shul"), 770 Montgomery. R' Dovid Fisher. | |||
== Publishing == | |||
* Kehot - Chabad's central publishing house and the largest Jewish publishing house in the world. The organization's name represents the year 1745, the birth year of the Alter Rebbe, founder of Chabad Chassidut. The publishing house was established in 1942 by the Frierdiker Rebbe. Kehot has several branches worldwide, publishing Kehot books in various languages. | |||
* Vaad Hanachos Hatmimim | |||
* Vaad Hanachos B'Lahak - An institution working to write and edit the Rebbe's words translated into Hebrew, adapted for non-Yiddish speaking audiences. The organization publishes the Rebbe's Torah in volumes in different series. In recent years, the organization has participated in editing the Igrot Kodesh series. | |||
* Vaad L'Hafotzas Sichos - A publishing institute engaged in editing, printing, and distributing the Rebbe's edited talks and preparing new books. The committee was established in 1967 and continues to be active in distributing the Rebbe's talks. Its current director is Rabbi Shneur Zalman Chanin. This institute is the official appointee of the Rebbe for printing and distributing Chabad Chassidut books. | |||
* Otzar Sifrei Lubavitch - A center for publishing Chabad books, working in cooperation with Kehot Publishing. The publishing director was Rabbi Yaakov Reich from Crown Heights. | |||
== Newspapers == | == Newspapers == | ||
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====== Beis Moshiach in English ====== | ====== Beis Moshiach in English ====== | ||
The English edition is published as a separate magazine - 64 pages, and is sent to Hebrew edition subscribers upon request, and in parallel, the English edition has an independent subscription and sales system marketing thousands of issues weekly in the United States, in Eretz Hakodesh and worldwide. | The English edition is published as a separate magazine - 64 pages, and is sent to Hebrew edition subscribers upon request, and in parallel, the English edition has an independent subscription and sales system marketing thousands of issues weekly in the United States, in Eretz Hakodesh and worldwide. | ||
== Study Halls == | |||
Several study halls are scattered throughout the neighborhood, open 24 hours a day for residents' learning. This initiative is managed by the Yagdil Torah organization: | |||
* Yagdil Torah Study Hall 'Tiferes Yitzchok' - at 574 Empire (between Kingston and Brooklyn) | |||
* 'Anshei Moshe' Study Hall - Lincoln Street (between Schenectady and Utica) | |||
* Beis Medrash at 580 Crown St. | |||
* "Yagdil Torah Study Hall" at 777 Eastern Parkway across from 770 in the basement | |||
* Yagdil Torah Study Hall - President Street (in Holly) between Albany and Kingston | |||
* Reim Ahuvim Study Hall on the second floor at Carroll and Schenectady | |||
== Men's Mikvaos: == | |||
* "Mikvah Yisroel" - 749 Eastern Parkway (between Kingston and Brooklyn). Named after Yisroel Dreizin | |||
* "Mikvah Meir" - 394 Kingston (between Crown and Montgomery). Named after R' Meir Rabkin (the largest and most elaborate) | |||
* "Frankel's Mikvah" - 1699 President (between Utica and Rogers) | |||
* "Lefferts Mikvah" - 672 Lefferts | |||
* "Empire Shtiebel Mikvah" - 469 Empire | |||
* "Mikvah by Anash Shul" - 770 Montgomery | |||
* "Teitelbaum's Mikvah" - 340 East 52 | |||
* "Reim Ahuvim" - 1612 Carroll St. corner of Schenectady | |||
* "Anshei Lubavitch" - 578 Albany | |||
== Private Mikvaos: == | |||
* In the home of Rabbi Shneiur Zalman Gurary | |||
* In the home of Rabbi Shneiur Zalman Levkovsky | |||
* In the home of R' Yaakov Elberg | |||
== Women's Mikvaos: == | |||
* 1506 Union (corner of Albany) | |||
* 'Mei Chaya Mushka' - 445 Troy (corner of Lefferts) | |||
* Carroll and Troy | |||
== Streets in the Neighborhood == | |||
Extended entry - Eastern Parkway, Kingston, President, Union | |||
* Eastern Parkway - The main avenue in the neighborhood, where several central buildings are located, primarily the Chabad World Center - 770 | |||
* Kingston - The central street in Chabad community life in the neighborhood. Most Jewish shops and businesses in the neighborhood are located on this street, along which many institutions and organizations serving the neighborhood's Jews are also located | |||
* President - The Rebbe's private home is located on this street, as well as the dormitory building of the Central Tomchei Tmimim Yeshiva | |||
* Union - A quiet side street in the neighborhood, sometimes used for the Rebbe's courtyard needs | |||
== Transportation == | |||
Crown Heights is networked with trains and buses. The 'Kingston Avenue' subway station is adjacent to 770 (Line #3). Additional stations are located at President Street corner of Nostrand (Line #5), Eastern Parkway corner of Nostrand (Line #3), Eastern Parkway corner of Utica (Lines #3, 4), and Sterling corner of Nostrand (Line #5). Bus lines run on the avenues: Kingston, Brooklyn, New York, and Utica. | |||
Among others, there are bus lines that reach the Charedi neighborhoods of Boro Park and Flatbush, as well as a special line connecting Montreal, Canada to Crown Heights serving mainly Chabad chassidim. | |||
== Economy == | |||
The neighborhood has grocery stores, prepared kosher food shops, cafes, dairy and meat restaurants, wine shops, Judaica, clothing, electronics, and more. | |||
== Twin Cities == | |||
Crown Heights has twin city agreements with Kfar Chabad in Eretz Yisroel, and with the city of Montreal in Canada. | |||
== Websites == | |||
====== COLLive - English ====== | |||
In 2008, the website "COLlive" was established. The site was created in collaboration with the Hebrew COL website but is independently operated by Rabbi Yehuda Leib Zeitlin, the Rebbe's shliach in Tucson, Arizona, who also serves as the site's chief editor. | |||
====== Chabad Info ====== | |||
Chabad Info (chabad.info) is a Chabad news website that brings news from Chabad chassidim in Israel and worldwide. It was established in 2003 by Rabbi Shraga Krombi. The site provides daily news from the Rebbe's shluchim and Chabad communities across the globe, and frequently publishes first-time photos, documents, and various materials. Chabad Info also publishes articles from the Beis Moshiach weekly magazine. The English version of Chabad Info - parallel to the Hebrew Chabad Info - provides Chabad news from around the world in English. | |||
====== Chabadpedia ====== | |||
The Chabad encyclopedia on the internet operates under the auspices of Chabad Info and the Chabad Israel website. The encyclopedia operates using MediaWiki software for internet encyclopedias, and presents to the reader all existing knowledge about Chabad chassidus, its leaders and teachings, with emphasis on matters of geulah and Moshiach. It also deals with other topics related to Chabad chassidus and Judaism in general. | |||
====== Chabad Shop ====== | |||
The site operates a virtual store selling thousands of Jewish and chassidic products including: Chabad seforim, tashmishei kedusha, geulah and Moshiach products, and more. The store serves Anash and shluchim worldwide as well as many mekuravim who purchase Jewish items through it. | |||
====== Anash.org ====== | |||
Anash.org is a Chabad news website in English, established in 2019. | |||
== See Also == | |||
The Great Flight from Crown Heights | |||
== Further Reading == | |||
* Chevra Machzikei HaShchuna, "Here Hashem Commanded the Blessing" - Regarding strengthening and establishing the neighborhood - A collection of excerpts from sichos on the topic from the years 1969-1975. Within Otzar HaChochma website. | |||
* Avraham Ber, "Yerushalayim of America", in Beis Moshiach weekly magazine issue 713 | |||
* Yosef Ashkenazi, Otzar HaChassidim - The personalities and Chassidic teachings of Chabad mashpi'im in New York, published by Chazak, 2013 | |||
* Ahuva Ehrenpreis, "The Rebbe's Street", in Mishpacha magazine 12 Tishrei 2018 page 326 | |||
* Menachem Bronpman, "The Struggle for Crown Heights", Kfar Chabad weekly magazine issue 1911 page 46 | |||
* "The War for the Home", And He Fought the Wars of Hashem, Kfar Chabad weekly magazine supplement, Sukkos 2021, pages 52-62 | |||
* Yisroel Elfenbein, "Nesi Doreinu is Found Even Now in this Neighborhood", in 'Chayei Rebbi' section of Kfar Chabad weekly magazine issue 2029 page 28 • issue 2030 page 36 • issue 2063 | |||
* Shraga Krombi "Selection and Appointment of Neighborhood Rabbonim" - Thirty years since the elections in Crown Heights. Beis Moshiach weekly 1024 page 22 | |||