Chassid
A Chasid refers to followers of the Baal Shem Tov and his disciples within the Chassidic movement. They engage in divine service internally, utilizing inner soul powers beyond external actions, integrating both intellectual and emotional aspects in Torah observance.
After the spread of Chassidic teachings under the Baal Shem Tov's leadership, this title became associated with all believers in Chassidic teachings and those following its ways. According to Chabad tradition published by the Rebbe Rayatz, in the early years of the Chassidic movement, the Baal Shem Tov called his disciples "beloved ones," "friends," or "beloved company" rather than Chasidim.
Historical Development
The term "Chasidim" first appeared in print in opposition proclamations during the latter days of the Maggid of Mezeritch in 1772. The opponents used this term critically, sometimes altering it to suggest suspicion. The Rebbe Rayatz noted that logically, the opponents should have been called "opposers" since one cannot oppose something before it exists, but Divine providence led them to give Chassidim their proper name.
The Alter Rebbe wrote during his first imprisonment (1799): "The masses call them Chasidim throughout White Russia, Poland, and most of Lithuania, named after the early Chasidim who prayed with great concentration, though today's Chasidim are not as great as the early ones."
What Befits a Chasid
The Rebbe Maharash taught that certain behaviors befit a Chasid:
- Daily study of Chassidic teachings
- Focus on self-improvement
- Dedication to others' wellbeing
- Maintaining joy and spreading it to others
- Recognizing one's own faults while seeing others' merits
- Learning from everyone's positive qualities
- Acting with love and brotherhood
Brotherhood Among Chasidim
The Tzemach Tzedek explained that Chassidic ways mean all Chasidim should be like one family. From the Alter Rebbe onward, great emphasis was placed on Chasidim living as true brothers. This manifests in both material assistance and spiritual growth together.
The Chasid's Divine Service
Iskafya and Is'hapcha
- Iskafya: Subduing negative impulses
- Is'hapcha: Transforming negative to positive
Self-Nullification
Requires nullifying oneself to God rather than feeling independent
Acceptance of Divine Authority
Following commandments out of pure acceptance rather than just understanding
Contemplation
Three levels:
- Study contemplation
- Pre-prayer contemplation
- During-prayer contemplation
Joy
Essential characteristic of Chassidic service
Spreading Chassidic Teachings
Obligation to share teachings with others
Writing to the Rebbe
Important aspect of connection
Learning the Rebbe's Teachings
Core practice for maintaining connection
Historical Context
Early Chasidim were also called "di freiliche" (the joyous ones) due to their emphasis on joyful divine service. An expression states that "Chasidim on Tisha B'Av are more joyful than opponents on Simchat Torah."
Significance of the Title
The Rebbe Rayatz explained to a non-Jew that "Chasid" and "Chasidim" indicate going beyond the ordinary - studying deeper wisdom, praying with enthusiasm, and performing charity and kindness exceptionally.
A Distinct Identity
Chabad leaders emphasized that being a Chasid represents a completely different essence. The Rebbe Maharash taught that just as certain things are "unfitting" physically, there are spiritual behaviors unfitting for a Chasid.
When asked by Dr. Weiss what defines a Chasid, the Rebbe answered that a Chasid is someone who can say during bedtime Shema that they are slightly better than they were in the morning.
This comprehensive overview maintains the complete meaning and significance of what it means to be a Chasid, encompassing both historical development and practical application in daily life.