The Split of Chabad Chassidus: Difference between revisions
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[[File:אדמור הצמח צדק - תמונה קטנה.jpg|thumb]] | [[File:אדמור הצמח צדק - תמונה קטנה.jpg|thumb|Portrait of the face of the Tzemach Tzedek, the split in Chabad Chassidus between his different sons occurred after his histalkus (passing)]] | ||
The split of Chabad Chassidus was a historical event that occurred between the years 5626-5683 (1866-1923) when Chabad Chassidus gradually divided into several branches. The split happened after the histalkus (passing) of the Rebbe Tzemach Tzedek in 5626 (1866) following a dispute over who would be his successor. Three of his sons (the Maharil, the RaChaShaZ, and the MaHaRIN) opened separate courts from Chabad-Lubavitch. The official successor of the Rebbe Tzemach Tzedek was his youngest son, the Rebbe Maharash, who served as Rebbe in Lubavitch, while simultaneously his three brothers served as Rebbes in the spirit of Chabad: Rabbi Yehuda Leib who was Rebbe in the town of Kopust, Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman who was Rebbe in the town of Lyadi, and Rabbi Yisrael Noach who was Rebbe in the town of Niezhin. | The split of Chabad Chassidus was a historical event that occurred between the years 5626-5683 (1866-1923) when Chabad Chassidus gradually divided into several branches. The split happened after the histalkus (passing) of the Rebbe Tzemach Tzedek in 5626 (1866) following a dispute over who would be his successor. Three of his sons (the Maharil, the RaChaShaZ, and the MaHaRIN) opened separate courts from Chabad-Lubavitch. The official successor of the Rebbe Tzemach Tzedek was his youngest son, the Rebbe Maharash, who served as Rebbe in Lubavitch, while simultaneously his three brothers served as Rebbes in the spirit of Chabad: Rabbi Yehuda Leib who was Rebbe in the town of Kopust, Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman who was Rebbe in the town of Lyadi, and Rabbi Yisrael Noach who was Rebbe in the town of Niezhin. | ||
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== The Wills, the Court Ruling, and the Division == | == The Wills, the Court Ruling, and the Division == | ||
[[File:מכתב הצמח צדק למהרש.png|thumb | [[File:מכתב הצמח צדק למהרש.png|thumb|A letter written by the Tzemach Tzedek to his son, the Maharash, in which he expresses his wish that he lead the Chassidic community.]] | ||
[[File:זכרון הפסק דין.png|thumb|The testimony written by the judge Rabbi Shneur Zalman Fardekin regarding the court ruling in favor of the Maharash, establishing him as the successor to the Tzemach Tzedek in Lubavitch.]] | |||
A letter written by the Tzemach Tzedek to his son, the Maharash, in which he expresses his wish that he lead the Chassidic community. | |||
The testimony written by the judge Rabbi Shneur Zalman | |||
==== The Will and the Passing ==== | ==== The Will and the Passing ==== | ||
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==== Chabad Kopust ==== | ==== Chabad Kopust ==== | ||
''Extended article – Chassidus Kopust'' | ''Extended article – Chassidus Kopust''[[File:מהריל.jpg|thumb|The gravestone of the Maharil, founder of Chassidus Kopust in the town of Kopust]] | ||
The founder of the branch was the Maharil of Kopust. | The founder of the branch was the Maharil of Kopust. | ||
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==== Chabad Liadi ==== | ==== Chabad Liadi ==== | ||
'''Broader Article - Liaadi Chassidus''' | '''Broader Article - Liaadi Chassidus'''[[File:חבד ליאדי.jpg|thumb|A painting of the ohel of Chabad Liaadi Rebbes in the town of Liaadi]] | ||
A painting of the ohel of Chabad Liaadi Rebbes in the town of Liaadi | |||
The founder of this branch was Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneerson. Even before the Tzemach Tzedek passed away, many chassidim became connected to him, such as the chassid Reb Mordechai Yoel Duchman from Homil, his brother Reb Zalman Duchman from Karma, and others. After the passing of the Maharil of Kopust, hundreds of his chassidim streamed to Lubavitch, and some became connected to Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman who was still living in Lubavitch at that time, like Reb Moshe Yisroel from Drisa (the son of Reb Mordechai from Liepli), Reb Mordechai from Kamil, and others. | The founder of this branch was Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneerson. Even before the Tzemach Tzedek passed away, many chassidim became connected to him, such as the chassid Reb Mordechai Yoel Duchman from Homil, his brother Reb Zalman Duchman from Karma, and others. After the passing of the Maharil of Kopust, hundreds of his chassidim streamed to Lubavitch, and some became connected to Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman who was still living in Lubavitch at that time, like Reb Moshe Yisroel from Drisa (the son of Reb Mordechai from Liepli), Reb Mordechai from Kamil, and others. | ||
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==== Chabad Niez'hin ==== | ==== Chabad Niez'hin ==== | ||
'''Broader Article - Niez'hin Chassidus''' | '''Broader Article - Niez'hin Chassidus'''[[File:ניעזין.jpg|thumb|The beis medrash of Rabbi Yisroel Noach Schneerson in the town of Niez'hin that served as the center of Chabad-Niez'hin Chassidus today]] | ||
The beis medrash of Rabbi Yisroel Noach Schneerson in the town of Niez'hin that served as the center of Chabad-Niez'hin Chassidus today | |||
The founder of this branch was Rabbi Yisroel Noach Schneerson, son of the Tzemach Tzedek. | The founder of this branch was Rabbi Yisroel Noach Schneerson, son of the Tzemach Tzedek. | ||
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== Chabad Centers During the Period of Division == | == Chabad Centers During the Period of Division == | ||
The central Chabad synagogue in Dokshitz where there were minyanim for both Lyadi and Lubavitch Chassidim | [[File:ביהכ חבד דאקשיץ.png|thumb|The central Chabad synagogue in Dokshitz where there were minyanim for both Lyadi and Lubavitch Chassidim]] | ||
[[File:בית הכנסת צמח צדק בירושלים.jpg|thumb]] | [[File:בית הכנסת צמח צדק בירושלים.jpg|thumb]] | ||
Students of Yeshivas Toras Emes studying in the Ohel Yitzchak synagogue in Jerusalem, a synagogue that previously belonged to the | Students of Yeshivas Toras Emes studying in the Ohel Yitzchak synagogue in Jerusalem, a synagogue that previously belonged to the Kap | ||
[[File:אוהל יצחק.jpg|thumb]] | [[File:אוהל יצחק.jpg|thumb]] | ||
This section does not go into details but gives a general overview of the situation that developed in the Chabad centers in Russia and Lithuania after the split from Lubavitch. Although the situation described mostly reflects the reality that prevailed in the first years after the passing of the Tzemach Tzedek, it is very possible that after the tumult subsided, the situation in these towns changed. | This section does not go into details but gives a general overview of the situation that developed in the Chabad centers in Russia and Lithuania after the split from Lubavitch. Although the situation described mostly reflects the reality that prevailed in the first years after the passing of the Tzemach Tzedek, it is very possible that after the tumult subsided, the situation in these towns changed. | ||
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== The Attitude of Our Rebbes to the Different Branches == | == The Attitude of Our Rebbes to the Different Branches == | ||
[[File:בזפלוב שמואל.jpg|thumb|abbi Shmuel Bezpalov, who, because of his connection to Lubavitch, refused to inherit the position of Rabbi Shmarya Noach Schneerson of Babroisk in the role of Rebbe, and in practice only replaced him in the rabbinate.]] | |||
At the time of the split, there was a critical attitude in Lubavitch toward the various branches of Chabad, but today this has changed. The Rebbe Rayatz and the Rebbe considered the Rebbes of the various branches of Chabad as part of the Chabad Rebbes, but as different branches. | At the time of the split, there was a critical attitude in Lubavitch toward the various branches of Chabad, but today this has changed. The Rebbe Rayatz and the Rebbe considered the Rebbes of the various branches of Chabad as part of the Chabad Rebbes, but as different branches. | ||
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In Tel Aviv lived a grandson of Rabbi Shmarya Noach of Babroisk who had holy writings of the Rebbe Tzemach Tzedek. R' Binyamin Gorodetzky wanted to present them to the Rebbe, and that grandson agreed after persuasion. In response, the Rebbe printed the book "Shemen LaMaor" - the sermons of Rabbi Shmarya Noach. When Rabbi Shaul Dov Ber Zislin heard that the book of the Rebbe of Babroisk, Shemen LaMaor, was printed in Kfar Chabad, he went to R' Pinchas Althaus and asked, "Is it possible?" When R' Pinchas told him it was with the Rebbe's approval, Rabbi Zislin calmed down. | In Tel Aviv lived a grandson of Rabbi Shmarya Noach of Babroisk who had holy writings of the Rebbe Tzemach Tzedek. R' Binyamin Gorodetzky wanted to present them to the Rebbe, and that grandson agreed after persuasion. In response, the Rebbe printed the book "Shemen LaMaor" - the sermons of Rabbi Shmarya Noach. When Rabbi Shaul Dov Ber Zislin heard that the book of the Rebbe of Babroisk, Shemen LaMaor, was printed in Kfar Chabad, he went to R' Pinchas Althaus and asked, "Is it possible?" When R' Pinchas told him it was with the Rebbe's approval, Rabbi Zislin calmed down. | ||
[[File:בברויסק.jpg|thumb]] | [[File:בברויסק.jpg|thumb|Rabbi Shmarya Noach of Babroisk]] | ||
When the Rebbe came to comfort the Rashag on 25 Tishrei 5730 (1969) after the passing of his mother, exchanges were recorded between him and the Rashag regarding the book "Magen Avot" by Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Schneerson of Kopust. Among other things, the Rashag asked the Rebbe if he had studied the book "Magen Avot," and the Rebbe replied affirmatively. The Rashag added and said that at first he was afraid to study this book because it was known that there was objection to those who studied the books of Kopust, but when he heard from the Rebbe Rayatz that the book "Magen Avot" is based on the discourses of the Tzemach Tzedek, he calmed down and began to study the book. The Rebbe even said that the discourses of Magen Avot are "pleasant discourses." Later in the conversation, the Rebbe added and noted that at the time of the split, there was even a prohibition and objection to those who studied the book Derech Mitzvotecha of the Tzemach Tzedek, despite the fact that only the introduction was written by a chassid of Kopust, but the Rebbe noted that this was only a temporary directive, and today one can study Magen Avot. | When the Rebbe came to comfort the Rashag on 25 Tishrei 5730 (1969) after the passing of his mother, exchanges were recorded between him and the Rashag regarding the book "Magen Avot" by Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Schneerson of Kopust. Among other things, the Rashag asked the Rebbe if he had studied the book "Magen Avot," and the Rebbe replied affirmatively. The Rashag added and said that at first he was afraid to study this book because it was known that there was objection to those who studied the books of Kopust, but when he heard from the Rebbe Rayatz that the book "Magen Avot" is based on the discourses of the Tzemach Tzedek, he calmed down and began to study the book. The Rebbe even said that the discourses of Magen Avot are "pleasant discourses." Later in the conversation, the Rebbe added and noted that at the time of the split, there was even a prohibition and objection to those who studied the book Derech Mitzvotecha of the Tzemach Tzedek, despite the fact that only the introduction was written by a chassid of Kopust, but the Rebbe noted that this was only a temporary directive, and today one can study Magen Avot. | ||