Krias Shema She'al HaMitah: Difference between revisions
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At the conclusion of the bedtime Shema, we say the blessing of "Hamapil" and our custom is to say it while in bed right before going to sleep. | At the conclusion of the bedtime Shema, we say the blessing of "Hamapil" and our custom is to say it while in bed right before going to sleep. | ||
= Background = | == Background == | ||
The source of this custom comes from Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi's statement in the Talmud tractate Berachot: | The source of this custom comes from Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi's statement in the Talmud tractate Berachot: | ||
"Even though one has already recited the Shema in synagogue, it is a mitzvah to recite it again upon one's bed." | "Even though one has already recited the Shema in synagogue, it is a mitzvah to recite it again upon one's bed<ref>Berachot 4b</ref>." | ||
In addition to the Shema, the Sages instituted the recitation of additional psalms and verses (Psalm 91, "Behold Solomon's bed," and others) for protection and defense from harmful forces. | In addition to the Shema, the Sages instituted the recitation of additional psalms and verses (Psalm 91, "Behold Solomon's bed," and others) for protection and defense from harmful forces. | ||
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According to the basic law, Torah scholars are exempt from reciting the bedtime Shema since they are protected through reviewing their learning. Nevertheless, they should still recite verses of mercy like "In Your hand I entrust my spirit." | According to the basic law, Torah scholars are exempt from reciting the bedtime Shema since they are protected through reviewing their learning. Nevertheless, they should still recite verses of mercy like "In Your hand I entrust my spirit." | ||
= In Chassidic Teachings = | == In Chassidic Teachings == | ||
== Practical Acceptance of Divine Authority == | == Practical Acceptance of Divine Authority == | ||
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In the seventh generation, the Rebbe says that this soul-accounting should be done with joy and readiness for redemption. | In the seventh generation, the Rebbe says that this soul-accounting should be done with joy and readiness for redemption. | ||
= Customs = | == Customs == | ||
* During the bedtime Shema: "Master of the Universe, I hereby forgive" and "For the Conductor... when he came" are not said on Shabbat and holidays, but should be said on other days even when Tachanun is not recited. | * During the bedtime Shema: "Master of the Universe, I hereby forgive" and "For the Conductor... when he came" are not said on Shabbat and holidays, but should be said on other days even when Tachanun is not recited. | ||
* After completing the three passages, we say the word "Emet" (truth). "Let the pious exult" is said once, "Behold Solomon's bed" three times. | * After completing the three passages, we say the word "Emet" (truth). "Let the pious exult" is said once, "Behold Solomon's bed" three times. | ||
* The bedtime Shema should be recited "upon the bed" - in one's home. | * The bedtime Shema should be recited "upon the bed" - in one's home. | ||