Chabad: Difference between revisions

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== Community ==

~~[[File:Rabbi Schneerson - Lag BaOmer parade.jpg|right|thumb|A [[Lag BaOmer]] parade in front of Chabad headquarters at [[770 Eastern Parkway]], Brooklyn, New York, in 1987]]~~

Although the Chabad movement was founded and originally based in Eastern Europe, various Chabad communities span the globe, including [[Crown Heights]], [[Brooklyn]], and [[Kfar Chabad]], [[Israel]]. The movement has attracted a significant number of Sephardic adherents in the past several decades, and some Chabad communities include both [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] and Sephardic Jews. For example, in [[Montreal]], close to 25% of Chabad households include a Sephardi parent.

An adherent of Chabad is called a Chabad Chasid (or Chasid), a Lubavitcher, a Chabadnik, or a Chabadsker.<ref>[ |last=Cohen|first=J. Simcha|title=How Does Jewish Law Work?|publisher=Jason Aronson|date=December 28, 1999|page=329|isbn=978-0-7657-6090-6|url=books.google.com/books?id=8XBjccyzdL8C&pg=PA329|access-date=September 4, 2009}}</ref> Chabad's adherents include both Hasidic followers, as well as non-Hasidim, who have joined Chabad synagogues and other Chabad-run institutions.<ref name=chuck1965/>

Although the Chabad movement was founded and originally based in [[Eastern Europe]], various Chabad communities span the globe, including [[~~Crown Heights, Brooklyn|~~Crown Heights]], [[Brooklyn]], and [[Kfar Chabad]], [[Israel]].<ref>[ |last1=Goldschmidt |first1=Henry |title=Race and Religion Among the Chosen People of Crown Heights |date=2006 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |location=New Brunswick, NJ |jstor=j.ctt5hj1p2 |isbn=9780813538839 |url=jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hj1p2 |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref>[ |last1=JTA |title=In all-Chabad Israeli village, Brooklyn meets country living |url=timesofisrael.com/in-all-chabad-israeli-village-brooklyn-meets-country-living/ |access-date=5 October 2020 |work=The Times of Israel |date=11 February 2016}}</ref> The movement has attracted a significant number of ~~[[Sephardi Jews|~~Sephardic]] adherents in the past several decades,<ref>[ |last=Shokeid |first=Moshe |title=Children of Circumstances: Israeli Emigrants in New York |location=Ithaca |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |year=1988 |series=Anthropology of Contemporary Issues |pages=[archive.org/details/childrenofcircum0000shok/page/139 139–160] |isbn=978-0801420788 |url=archive.org/details/childrenofcircum0000shok/page/139}}</ref> and some Chabad communities include both [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] and Sephardic Jews. For example, in [[Montreal]], close to 25% of Chabad households include a Sephardi parent.<ref>[ |publisher=The Chabad Sociologist |date=July 9, 2013 |title=Did You Know 25% of Chabad in Montreal are Sefardi? |url=chabadsociologist.wordpress.com/2013/07/09/did-you-know-25-of-chabad-in-montreal-are-sefardi/}}</ref><ref>Shahar, Charles. "A Comprehensive Study of the Ultra Orthodox Community of Greater Montreal (2003)". Federation CJA (Montreal). 2003.</ref>

According to sociologists studying contemporary Jewry, the Chabad movement fits into neither the standard category of [[Haredi]] nor that of [[modern Orthodox]] among Orthodox Jews. This is due in part to the existence of the number of Chabad supporters and affiliates who are not Orthodox (dubbed by some scholars as "non-Orthodox Hasidim"), the general lack of official recognition of political and religious distinctions within Judaism, and the open relationship with non-Orthodox Jews represented by the activism of Chabad emissaries.<ref name=chuck1965>Liebman, Charles S. "Orthodoxy in American Jewish Life." The American Jewish Year Book (1965): 21–97.</ref><ref name=adam2007>Ferziger, Adam S. "Church/sect theory and American orthodoxy reconsidered."Ambivalent Jew—Charles S. Liebman in memoriam, ed. Stuart Cohen and Bernard Susser (2007): 107–124.</ref>

~~=== United States ===~~

~~[[File:Reagan receives menorah 1986.jpg|thumb|right|President [[Ronald Reagan]] receives menorah from the "American Friends of Lubavitch", White House, 1984]]~~

Estimates for Chabad and other Hasidic groups are often based on extrapolation from the limited information available in US census data for some of the areas where Hasidim live. A 2006 estimate was drawn from a study on the [[Montreal]] Chabad community (determining average household size), in conjunction with language and other select indicators from US census data, it is estimated that Chabad in the [[United States]] includes approximately 4,000 households, which contains between 22,000 and 25,000 people. In terms of Chabad's relation to other Hasidic groups, within the New York metropolitan area, Chabad in the New York area accounts for around 15% of the total New York Hasidic population. Chabad is estimated to have an annual growth of 3.6%:<ref name=comenetz/>

* '''United States of America:'''

* [[Crown Heights]] – The Crown Heights Chabad community's estimated size is 12,000 to 16,000.<ref name=shaffir34>Shaffir, William. [jewishjournalofsociology.org/index.php/jjs/article/viewFile/36/34 "The renaissance of Hassidism."] [web.archive.org/web/20161106195854/jewishjournalofsociology.org/index.php/jjs/article/viewFile/36/34 |date=2016-11-06}} ''Jewish Journal of Sociology'' 48, no. 2 (2006).</ref> It was estimated that between 25% and 35% of Chabad Hasidim in Crown Heights speak [[Yiddish]]. This figure is significantly lower than other Hasidic groups and may be attributed to the addition of previously non-Hasidic Jews to the community. It was also estimated that over 20% of Chabad Hasidim in Crown Heights speak Hebrew or Russian.<ref name=comenetz>Comenetz, Joshua. "Census-based estimation of the Hasidic Jewish population." ''Contemporary Jewry'' 26, no. 1 (2006): 35.</ref> The Crown Heights Chabad community has its own Beis Din (rabbinical court) and the Vaad Hakahal (Crown Heights Jewish Community Council (CHJCC)).

** [[Crown Heights]] – The Crown Heights Chabad community's estimated size is 12,000 to 16,000.<ref name=shaffir34>Shaffir, William. [jewishjournalofsociology.org/index.php/jjs/article/viewFile/36/34 "The renaissance of Hassidism."] [web.archive.org/web/20161106195854/jewishjournalofsociology.org/index.php/jjs/article/viewFile/36/34 |date=2016-11-06}} ''Jewish Journal of Sociology'' 48, no. 2 (2006).</ref> It was estimated that between 25% and 35% of Chabad Hasidim in Crown Heights speak [[Yiddish]]. This figure is significantly lower than other Hasidic groups and may be attributed to the addition of previously non-Hasidic Jews to the community. It was also estimated that over 20% of Chabad Hasidim in Crown Heights speak Hebrew or Russian.<ref name=comenetz>Comenetz, Joshua. "Census-based estimation of the Hasidic Jewish population." ''Contemporary Jewry'' 26, no. 1 (2006): 35.</ref> The Crown Heights Chabad community has its own Beis Din (rabbinical court) and the Vaad Hakahal (Crown Heights Jewish Community Council (CHJCC)).

* '''Israel:'''

~~===~~ Israel ~~===~~

** [[Kfar Chabad]] – Kfar Chabad's population was placed at 6,489 in 2024; all of the residents of the town are believed to be Chabad adherents, with this number being based on figures published by the [[Israeli Census Bureau]].<ref>[ |title=Regional Statistics |url=cbs.gov.il/he/publications/LochutTlushim/2020/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%942020.xlsx |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Other estimates place the community population at around 7,000.<ref name=shaffir34/>

* [[Kfar Chabad]] – Kfar Chabad's population was placed at 6,489 in 2024; all of the residents of the town are believed to be Chabad adherents, with this number being based on figures published by the [[Israeli Census Bureau]].<ref>[ |title=Regional Statistics |url=cbs.gov.il/he/publications/LochutTlushim/2020/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%942020.xlsx |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Other estimates place the community population at around 7,000.<ref name=shaffir34/>

** [[Tzfat]] – The Chabad community in Tzfat originated during the wave of Eastern European immigration to Palestine from 1777–1840. The Chabad community established synagogues and institutions in Safad. The early settlement declined by the 20th century but it was renewed following an initiative by the seventh rebbe in the early 1970s, which reestablished the Chabad community in the city.<ref name=tzefatcoil>[ |url=safed.co.il/chabad-in-tzfat.html |title=The Chabad Hassidic Community in Tzfat |publisher=Safed.co.il |access-date=September 14, 2014}}</ref> Rabbi Yeshaya HaLevi Horowitz (1883–1978), a Safad-born direct descendant of Rabbi [[Isaiah Horowitz|Yeshaya Horowitz]], author of the Shnei Luchot HaBrit, served as the rabbi of the Chabad community in Safad from 1908 until his immigration to the U.S. during World War I.<ref>[kedem-auctions.com/content/sefer-hazohar-%E2%80%93-including-glosses-rabbi-yeshaya-horowitz-safed-and-his-son-rabbi-shmuel "Sefer HaZohar – Including Glosses by Rabbi Yeshaya Horowitz of Safad and His Son Rabbi Shmuel Horowitz Author of 'Yemei Shmuel.'" Judaica Auction no. 27- Books and Manuscripts] [web.archive.org/web/20161006013938/kedem-auctions.com/content/sefer-hazohar-%E2%80%93-including-glosses-rabbi-yeshaya-horowitz-safed-and-his-son-rabbi-shmuel |date=October 6, 2016}}. ''[[Kedem Auction House]]''. Retrieved September 14, 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2016</ref> Members of the Chabad community run a number of outreach efforts during the Jewish holidays. Activities include blowing the [[shofar]] for the elderly on [[Rosh Hashana]], reading the [[Book of Esther|Megilla]] for hospital patients on Purim and setting up a [[Sukkah]] on the town's main street during the [[Sukkot]] holiday.<ref name=tzefatcoil/>

* [[Tzfat]] – The Chabad community in Tzfat originated during the wave of Eastern European immigration to Palestine from 1777–1840. The Chabad community established synagogues and institutions in Safad. The early settlement declined by the 20th century but it was renewed following an initiative by the seventh rebbe in the early 1970s, which reestablished the Chabad community in the city.<ref name=tzefatcoil>[ |url=safed.co.il/chabad-in-tzfat.html |title=The Chabad Hassidic Community in Tzfat |publisher=Safed.co.il |access-date=September 14, 2014}}</ref> Rabbi Yeshaya HaLevi Horowitz (1883–1978), a Safad-born direct descendant of Rabbi [[Isaiah Horowitz|Yeshaya Horowitz]], author of the Shnei Luchot HaBrit, served as the rabbi of the Chabad community in Safad from 1908 until his immigration to the U.S. during World War I.<ref>[kedem-auctions.com/content/sefer-hazohar-%E2%80%93-including-glosses-rabbi-yeshaya-horowitz-safed-and-his-son-rabbi-shmuel "Sefer HaZohar – Including Glosses by Rabbi Yeshaya Horowitz of Safad and His Son Rabbi Shmuel Horowitz Author of 'Yemei Shmuel.'" Judaica Auction no. 27- Books and Manuscripts] [web.archive.org/web/20161006013938/kedem-auctions.com/content/sefer-hazohar-%E2%80%93-including-glosses-rabbi-yeshaya-horowitz-safed-and-his-son-rabbi-shmuel |date=October 6, 2016}}. ''[[Kedem Auction House]]''. Retrieved September 14, 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2016</ref> Members of the Chabad community run a number of outreach efforts during the Jewish holidays. Activities include blowing the [[shofar]] for the elderly on [[Rosh Hashana]], reading the [[Book of Esther|Megilla]] for hospital patients on Purim and setting up a [[Sukkah]] on the town's main street during the [[Sukkot]] holiday.<ref name=tzefatcoil/>

** Nachlat Har Chabad in [[Kiryat Malakhi]] is home to 2800 residents, with institutions including a yeshiva and a girls' school.

* Nachlat Har Chabad in [[Kiryat Malakhi]] is home to 2800 residents, with institutions including a yeshiva and a girls' school.

* '''France''' – The Chabad community in France is estimated to be between 10,000 and 15,000. The majority of the Chabad community in France are the descendants of immigrants from North Africa (specifically Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) during the 1960s.<ref name=shaffir34/><ref name=chabadfrance>Gutwirth, Jacques. 2005. Hassidim in France today. ''Jewish Journal of Sociology 47''(1–2). pp.5–21.</ref>

* '''Canada:'''

~~===~~ France ~~===~~

** [[Montreal]] – The estimated size of the Chabad community of Greater [[Montreal]] is 1,590. The estimate is taken from a 2003 community study.<ref>[ |title=Chabad of Montreal: Here's the stats!!! |publisher=The Chabad Sociologist |date=October 13, 2013 |url=chabadsociologist.wordpress.com/2013/10/13/chabad-of-montreal-heres-the-stats-chabad-montreal-chabadsociology/ |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref><ref>Shahar, Charles. "Main Report: A Comprehensive Study of the Ultra Orthodox Community of Greater Montreal (2003)". Federation CJA (Montreal). (2003): pp. 7–33.</ref> The Chabad community in [[Montreal]] originated sometime before 1931. While early works on Canadian Jewry make little or no mention of early Hasidic life in [[Canada]], later researchers have documented Chabad's accounts in [[Canada]] starting from the 1900s and 1910s. [[Steven Lapidus]] notes that there is mention of two Chabad congregations in a 1915 article in the ''[[Canadian Jewish Chronicle]]'' listing the delegates of the first [[Canadian Jewish Conference]]. One congregation is listed as Chabad of Toronto, and the other is simply listed as "Libavitzer Congregation". The sociologist [[William Shaffir]] has noted that some Chabad Hasidim and sympathizers did reside in Montreal before 1941 but does not elaborate further. Steven Lapidus notes that in a 1931 obituary published in ''Keneder Odler'', a Canadian Yiddish newspaper, the deceased Rabbi [[Menashe Lavut]] is credited as the founder of Anshei Chabad in [[Montreal]] and the Nusach Ari synagogue. Thus the Chabad presence in [[Montreal]] predates 1931.<ref>[ |last=Lapidus |first=Steven |title=The Forgotten Hasidim: Rabbis and Rebbes in Prewar Canada |journal=Canadian Jewish Studies |year=2004 |volume=12 |url=pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/cjs/article/viewFile/22624/21095 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref>

The Chabad community in France is estimated to be between 10,000 and 15,000. The majority of the Chabad community in France are the descendants of immigrants from North Africa (specifically Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) during the 1960s.<ref name=shaffir34/><ref name=chabadfrance>Gutwirth, Jacques. 2005. Hassidim in France today. ''Jewish Journal of Sociology 47''(1–2). pp.5–21.</ref>

* '''United Arab Emirates:'''

** [[Dubai]] – The [[Jewish Community Center of UAE]] has a [[synagogue]] and a [[Talmud Torah]]. 1,000 [[Kashrus|kosher]] chickens per week are provided to the community by local kosher [[shechita]]. The community is headed by Rabbi [[Levi Duchman]].<ref>[|date=2020-06-11|title=A robust Jewish life exists in the U.A.E.|url=ynetnews.com/article/HkuTEWg6I|access-date=2020-06-18|website=ynetnews|language=en|last1=Salami|first1=Daniel}}</ref><ref>[|title=Baltimore Jewish Life {{!}} A New Talmud Torah Opens in Dubai|url=baltimorejewishlife.com:443/news/news-detail.php?SECTION_ID=3&ARTICLE_ID=131802|access-date=2020-06-18|website=baltimorejewishlife.com}}</ref><ref>[|title=Kiddush, Torah learning, and gefilte fish in Dubai – Jewish World|date=11 June 2020 |url=israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/281713|access-date=2020-06-18|publisher=Arutz Sheva|language=en}}</ref>

~~===~~ Canada ~~===~~

* [[Montreal]] – The estimated size of the Chabad community of Greater [[Montreal]] is 1,590. The estimate is taken from a 2003 community study.<ref>[ |title=Chabad of Montreal: Here's the stats!!! |publisher=The Chabad Sociologist |date=October 13, 2013 |url=chabadsociologist.wordpress.com/2013/10/13/chabad-of-montreal-heres-the-stats-chabad-montreal-chabadsociology/ |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref><ref>Shahar, Charles. "Main Report: A Comprehensive Study of the Ultra Orthodox Community of Greater Montreal (2003)". Federation CJA (Montreal). (2003): pp. 7–33.</ref> The Chabad community in [[Montreal]] originated sometime before 1931. While early works on Canadian Jewry make little or no mention of early Hasidic life in [[Canada]], later researchers have documented Chabad's accounts in [[Canada]] starting from the 1900s and 1910s. [[Steven Lapidus]] notes that there is mention of two Chabad congregations in a 1915 article in the ''[[Canadian Jewish Chronicle]]'' listing the delegates of the first [[Canadian Jewish Conference]]. One congregation is listed as Chabad of Toronto, and the other is simply listed as "Libavitzer Congregation". The sociologist [[William Shaffir]] has noted that some Chabad Hasidim and sympathizers did reside in Montreal before 1941 but does not elaborate further. Steven Lapidus notes that in a 1931 obituary published in ''Keneder Odler'', a Canadian Yiddish newspaper, the deceased Rabbi [[Menashe Lavut]] is credited as the founder of Anshei Chabad in [[Montreal]] and the Nusach Ari synagogue. Thus the Chabad presence in [[Montreal]] predates 1931.<ref>[ |last=Lapidus |first=Steven |title=The Forgotten Hasidim: Rabbis and Rebbes in Prewar Canada |journal=Canadian Jewish Studies |year=2004 |volume=12 |url=pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/cjs/article/viewFile/22624/21095 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref>

~~===~~ United Arab Emirates ~~===~~

* [[Dubai]] – The [[Jewish Community Center of UAE]] has a [[synagogue]] and a [[Talmud Torah]]. 1,000 [[Kashrus|kosher]] chickens per week are provided to the community by local kosher [[shechita]]. The community is headed by Rabbi [[Levi Duchman]].<ref>[|date=2020-06-11|title=A robust Jewish life exists in the U.A.E.|url=ynetnews.com/article/HkuTEWg6I|access-date=2020-06-18|website=ynetnews|language=en|last1=Salami|first1=Daniel}}</ref><ref>[|title=Baltimore Jewish Life {{!}} A New Talmud Torah Opens in Dubai|url=baltimorejewishlife.com:443/news/news-detail.php?SECTION_ID=3&ARTICLE_ID=131802|access-date=2020-06-18|website=baltimorejewishlife.com}}</ref><ref>[|title=Kiddush, Torah learning, and gefilte fish in Dubai – Jewish World|date=11 June 2020 |url=israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/281713|access-date=2020-06-18|publisher=Arutz Sheva|language=en}}</ref>

~~[[File:Зеленський та рабини.jpg|thumb|Meeting of the [[President of Ukraine]] [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy|Volodymyr Zelensky]] with the rabbis of Ukraine on May 6, 2019]]~~

== Customs and holidays ==

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 == Community ==
-[[File:Rabbi Schneerson - Lag BaOmer parade.jpg|right|thumb|A [[Lag BaOmer]] parade in front of Chabad headquarters at [[770 Eastern Parkway]], Brooklyn, New York, in 1987]]
+Although the Chabad movement was founded and originally based in Eastern Europe, various Chabad communities span the globe, including [[Crown Heights]], [[Brooklyn]], and [[Kfar Chabad]], [[Israel]]. The movement has attracted a significant number of Sephardic adherents in the past several decades, and some Chabad communities include both [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] and Sephardic Jews. For example, in [[Montreal]], close to 25% of Chabad households include a Sephardi parent.
-An adherent of Chabad is called a Chabad Chasid (or Chasid), a Lubavitcher, a Chabadnik, or a Chabadsker.<ref>[ |last=Cohen|first=J. Simcha|title=How Does Jewish Law Work?|publisher=Jason Aronson|date=December 28, 1999|page=329|isbn=978-0-7657-6090-6|url=books.google.com/books?id=8XBjccyzdL8C&pg=PA329|access-date=September 4, 2009}}</ref> Chabad's adherents include both Hasidic followers, as well as non-Hasidim, who have joined Chabad synagogues and other Chabad-run institutions.<ref name=chuck1965/>
-Although the Chabad movement was founded and originally based in [[Eastern Europe]], various Chabad communities span the globe, including [[Crown Heights, Brooklyn|Crown Heights]], [[Brooklyn]], and [[Kfar Chabad]], [[Israel]].<ref>[ |last1=Goldschmidt |first1=Henry |title=Race and Religion Among the Chosen People of Crown Heights |date=2006 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |location=New Brunswick, NJ |jstor=j.ctt5hj1p2 |isbn=9780813538839 |url=jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hj1p2 |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref>[ |last1=JTA |title=In all-Chabad Israeli village, Brooklyn meets country living |url=timesofisrael.com/in-all-chabad-israeli-village-brooklyn-meets-country-living/ |access-date=5 October 2020 |work=The Times of Israel |date=11 February 2016}}</ref> The movement has attracted a significant number of [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic]] adherents in the past several decades,<ref>[ |last=Shokeid |first=Moshe |title=Children of Circumstances: Israeli Emigrants in New York |location=Ithaca |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |year=1988 |series=Anthropology of Contemporary Issues |pages=[archive.org/details/childrenofcircum0000shok/page/139 139–160] |isbn=978-0801420788 |url=archive.org/details/childrenofcircum0000shok/page/139}}</ref> and some Chabad communities include both [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] and Sephardic Jews. For example, in [[Montreal]], close to 25% of Chabad households include a Sephardi parent.<ref>[ |publisher=The Chabad Sociologist |date=July 9, 2013 |title=Did You Know 25% of Chabad in Montreal are Sefardi? |url=chabadsociologist.wordpress.com/2013/07/09/did-you-know-25-of-chabad-in-montreal-are-sefardi/}}</ref><ref>Shahar, Charles. "A Comprehensive Study of the Ultra Orthodox Community of Greater Montreal (2003)". Federation CJA (Montreal). 2003.</ref>
-According to sociologists studying contemporary Jewry, the Chabad movement fits into neither the standard category of [[Haredi]] nor that of [[modern Orthodox]] among Orthodox Jews. This is due in part to the existence of the number of Chabad supporters and affiliates who are not Orthodox (dubbed by some scholars as "non-Orthodox Hasidim"), the general lack of official recognition of political and religious distinctions within Judaism, and the open relationship with non-Orthodox Jews represented by the activism of Chabad emissaries.<ref name=chuck1965>Liebman, Charles S. "Orthodoxy in American Jewish Life." The American Jewish Year Book (1965): 21–97.</ref><ref name=adam2007>Ferziger, Adam S. "Church/sect theory and American orthodoxy reconsidered."Ambivalent Jew—Charles S. Liebman in memoriam, ed. Stuart Cohen and Bernard Susser (2007): 107–124.</ref>
-=== United States ===
-[[File:Reagan receives menorah 1986.jpg|thumb|right|President [[Ronald Reagan]] receives menorah from the "American Friends of Lubavitch", White House, 1984]]
 Estimates for Chabad and other Hasidic groups are often based on extrapolation from the limited information available in US census data for some of the areas where Hasidim live. A 2006 estimate was drawn from a study on the [[Montreal]] Chabad community (determining average household size), in conjunction with language and other select indicators from US census data, it is estimated that Chabad in the [[United States]] includes approximately 4,000 households, which contains between 22,000 and 25,000 people. In terms of Chabad's relation to other Hasidic groups, within the New York metropolitan area, Chabad in the New York area accounts for around 15% of the total New York Hasidic population. Chabad is estimated to have an annual growth of 3.6%:<ref name=comenetz/>
+* '''United States of America:'''
-* [[Crown Heights]] – The Crown Heights Chabad community's estimated size is 12,000 to 16,000.<ref name=shaffir34>Shaffir, William. [jewishjournalofsociology.org/index.php/jjs/article/viewFile/36/34 "The renaissance of Hassidism."] [web.archive.org/web/20161106195854/jewishjournalofsociology.org/index.php/jjs/article/viewFile/36/34 |date=2016-11-06}} ''Jewish Journal of Sociology'' 48, no. 2 (2006).</ref>  It was estimated that between 25% and 35% of Chabad Hasidim in Crown Heights speak [[Yiddish]]. This figure is significantly lower than other Hasidic groups and may be attributed to the addition of previously non-Hasidic Jews to the community. It was also estimated that over 20% of Chabad Hasidim in Crown Heights speak Hebrew or Russian.<ref name=comenetz>Comenetz, Joshua. "Census-based estimation of the Hasidic Jewish population." ''Contemporary Jewry'' 26, no. 1 (2006): 35.</ref> The Crown Heights Chabad community has its own Beis Din (rabbinical court) and the Vaad Hakahal (Crown Heights Jewish Community Council (CHJCC)).
+** [[Crown Heights]] – The Crown Heights Chabad community's estimated size is 12,000 to 16,000.<ref name=shaffir34>Shaffir, William. [jewishjournalofsociology.org/index.php/jjs/article/viewFile/36/34 "The renaissance of Hassidism."] [web.archive.org/web/20161106195854/jewishjournalofsociology.org/index.php/jjs/article/viewFile/36/34 |date=2016-11-06}} ''Jewish Journal of Sociology'' 48, no. 2 (2006).</ref>  It was estimated that between 25% and 35% of Chabad Hasidim in Crown Heights speak [[Yiddish]]. This figure is significantly lower than other Hasidic groups and may be attributed to the addition of previously non-Hasidic Jews to the community. It was also estimated that over 20% of Chabad Hasidim in Crown Heights speak Hebrew or Russian.<ref name=comenetz>Comenetz, Joshua. "Census-based estimation of the Hasidic Jewish population." ''Contemporary Jewry'' 26, no. 1 (2006): 35.</ref> The Crown Heights Chabad community has its own Beis Din (rabbinical court) and the Vaad Hakahal (Crown Heights Jewish Community Council (CHJCC)).
+* '''Israel:'''
-=== Israel ===
+** [[Kfar Chabad]] – Kfar Chabad's population was placed at 6,489 in 2024; all of the residents of the town are believed to be Chabad adherents, with this number being based on figures published by the [[Israeli Census Bureau]].<ref>[ |title=Regional Statistics |url=cbs.gov.il/he/publications/LochutTlushim/2020/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%942020.xlsx |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Other estimates place the community population at around 7,000.<ref name=shaffir34/>
-* [[Kfar Chabad]] – Kfar Chabad's population was placed at 6,489 in 2024; all of the residents of the town are believed to be Chabad adherents, with this number being based on figures published by the [[Israeli Census Bureau]].<ref>[ |title=Regional Statistics |url=cbs.gov.il/he/publications/LochutTlushim/2020/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%942020.xlsx |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Other estimates place the community population at around 7,000.<ref name=shaffir34/>
+** [[Tzfat]] – The Chabad community in Tzfat originated during the wave of Eastern European immigration to Palestine from 1777–1840. The Chabad community established synagogues and institutions in Safad. The early settlement declined by the 20th century but it was renewed following an initiative by the seventh rebbe in the early 1970s, which reestablished the Chabad community in the city.<ref name=tzefatcoil>[ |url=safed.co.il/chabad-in-tzfat.html |title=The Chabad Hassidic Community in Tzfat |publisher=Safed.co.il |access-date=September 14, 2014}}</ref> Rabbi Yeshaya HaLevi Horowitz (1883–1978), a Safad-born direct descendant of Rabbi [[Isaiah Horowitz|Yeshaya Horowitz]], author of the Shnei Luchot HaBrit, served as the rabbi of the Chabad community in Safad from 1908 until his immigration to the U.S. during World War I.<ref>[kedem-auctions.com/content/sefer-hazohar-%E2%80%93-including-glosses-rabbi-yeshaya-horowitz-safed-and-his-son-rabbi-shmuel "Sefer HaZohar – Including Glosses by Rabbi Yeshaya Horowitz of Safad and His Son Rabbi Shmuel Horowitz Author of 'Yemei Shmuel.'" Judaica Auction no. 27- Books and Manuscripts] [web.archive.org/web/20161006013938/kedem-auctions.com/content/sefer-hazohar-%E2%80%93-including-glosses-rabbi-yeshaya-horowitz-safed-and-his-son-rabbi-shmuel |date=October 6, 2016}}. ''[[Kedem Auction House]]''. Retrieved September 14, 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2016</ref> Members of the Chabad community run a number of outreach efforts during the Jewish holidays. Activities include blowing the [[shofar]] for the elderly on [[Rosh Hashana]], reading the [[Book of Esther|Megilla]] for hospital patients on Purim and setting up a [[Sukkah]] on the town's main street during the [[Sukkot]] holiday.<ref name=tzefatcoil/>
-* [[Tzfat]] – The Chabad community in Tzfat originated during the wave of Eastern European immigration to Palestine from 1777–1840. The Chabad community established synagogues and institutions in Safad. The early settlement declined by the 20th century but it was renewed following an initiative by the seventh rebbe in the early 1970s, which reestablished the Chabad community in the city.<ref name=tzefatcoil>[ |url=safed.co.il/chabad-in-tzfat.html |title=The Chabad Hassidic Community in Tzfat |publisher=Safed.co.il |access-date=September 14, 2014}}</ref> Rabbi Yeshaya HaLevi Horowitz (1883–1978), a Safad-born direct descendant of Rabbi [[Isaiah Horowitz|Yeshaya Horowitz]], author of the Shnei Luchot HaBrit, served as the rabbi of the Chabad community in Safad from 1908 until his immigration to the U.S. during World War I.<ref>[kedem-auctions.com/content/sefer-hazohar-%E2%80%93-including-glosses-rabbi-yeshaya-horowitz-safed-and-his-son-rabbi-shmuel "Sefer HaZohar – Including Glosses by Rabbi Yeshaya Horowitz of Safad and His Son Rabbi Shmuel Horowitz Author of 'Yemei Shmuel.'" Judaica Auction no. 27- Books and Manuscripts] [web.archive.org/web/20161006013938/kedem-auctions.com/content/sefer-hazohar-%E2%80%93-including-glosses-rabbi-yeshaya-horowitz-safed-and-his-son-rabbi-shmuel |date=October 6, 2016}}. ''[[Kedem Auction House]]''. Retrieved September 14, 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2016</ref> Members of the Chabad community run a number of outreach efforts during the Jewish holidays. Activities include blowing the [[shofar]] for the elderly on [[Rosh Hashana]], reading the [[Book of Esther|Megilla]] for hospital patients on Purim and setting up a [[Sukkah]] on the town's main street during the [[Sukkot]] holiday.<ref name=tzefatcoil/>
+** Nachlat Har Chabad in [[Kiryat Malakhi]] is home to 2800 residents, with institutions including a yeshiva and a girls' school.
-* Nachlat Har Chabad in [[Kiryat Malakhi]] is home to 2800 residents, with institutions including a yeshiva and a girls' school.
+* '''France''' – The Chabad community in France is estimated to be between 10,000 and 15,000. The majority of the Chabad community in France are the descendants of immigrants from North Africa (specifically Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) during the 1960s.<ref name=shaffir34/><ref name=chabadfrance>Gutwirth, Jacques. 2005. Hassidim in France today. ''Jewish Journal of Sociology 47''(1–2). pp.5–21.</ref>
+* '''Canada:'''
-=== France ===
+** [[Montreal]] – The estimated size of the Chabad community of Greater [[Montreal]] is 1,590. The estimate is taken from a 2003 community study.<ref>[ |title=Chabad of Montreal: Here's the stats!!! |publisher=The Chabad Sociologist |date=October 13, 2013 |url=chabadsociologist.wordpress.com/2013/10/13/chabad-of-montreal-heres-the-stats-chabad-montreal-chabadsociology/ |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref><ref>Shahar, Charles. "Main Report: A Comprehensive Study of the Ultra Orthodox Community of Greater Montreal (2003)". Federation CJA (Montreal). (2003): pp. 7–33.</ref> The Chabad community in [[Montreal]] originated sometime before 1931. While early works on Canadian Jewry make little or no mention of early Hasidic life in [[Canada]], later researchers have documented Chabad's accounts in [[Canada]] starting from the 1900s and 1910s. [[Steven Lapidus]] notes that there is mention of two Chabad congregations in a 1915 article in the ''[[Canadian Jewish Chronicle]]'' listing the delegates of the first [[Canadian Jewish Conference]]. One congregation is listed as Chabad of Toronto, and the other is simply listed as "Libavitzer Congregation". The sociologist [[William Shaffir]] has noted that some Chabad Hasidim and sympathizers did reside in Montreal before 1941 but does not elaborate further. Steven Lapidus notes that in a 1931 obituary published in ''Keneder Odler'', a Canadian Yiddish newspaper, the deceased Rabbi [[Menashe Lavut]] is credited as the founder of Anshei Chabad in [[Montreal]] and the Nusach Ari synagogue. Thus the Chabad presence in [[Montreal]] predates 1931.<ref>[ |last=Lapidus |first=Steven |title=The Forgotten Hasidim: Rabbis and Rebbes in Prewar Canada |journal=Canadian Jewish Studies |year=2004 |volume=12 |url=pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/cjs/article/viewFile/22624/21095 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref>
-The Chabad community in France is estimated to be between 10,000 and 15,000. The majority of the Chabad community in France are the descendants of immigrants from North Africa (specifically Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) during the 1960s.<ref name=shaffir34/><ref name=chabadfrance>Gutwirth, Jacques. 2005. Hassidim in France today. ''Jewish Journal of Sociology 47''(1–2). pp.5–21.</ref>
+* '''United Arab Emirates:'''
+** [[Dubai]] – The [[Jewish Community Center of UAE]] has a [[synagogue]] and a [[Talmud Torah]]. 1,000 [[Kashrus|kosher]] chickens per week are provided to the community by local kosher [[shechita]]. The community is headed by Rabbi [[Levi Duchman]].<ref>[|date=2020-06-11|title=A robust Jewish life exists in the U.A.E.|url=ynetnews.com/article/HkuTEWg6I|access-date=2020-06-18|website=ynetnews|language=en|last1=Salami|first1=Daniel}}</ref><ref>[|title=Baltimore Jewish Life {{!}} A New Talmud Torah Opens in Dubai|url=baltimorejewishlife.com:443/news/news-detail.php?SECTION_ID=3&ARTICLE_ID=131802|access-date=2020-06-18|website=baltimorejewishlife.com}}</ref><ref>[|title=Kiddush, Torah learning, and gefilte fish in Dubai – Jewish World|date=11 June 2020 |url=israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/281713|access-date=2020-06-18|publisher=Arutz Sheva|language=en}}</ref>
-=== Canada ===
-* [[Montreal]] – The estimated size of the Chabad community of Greater [[Montreal]] is 1,590. The estimate is taken from a 2003 community study.<ref>[ |title=Chabad of Montreal: Here's the stats!!! |publisher=The Chabad Sociologist |date=October 13, 2013 |url=chabadsociologist.wordpress.com/2013/10/13/chabad-of-montreal-heres-the-stats-chabad-montreal-chabadsociology/ |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref><ref>Shahar, Charles. "Main Report: A Comprehensive Study of the Ultra Orthodox Community of Greater Montreal (2003)". Federation CJA (Montreal). (2003): pp. 7–33.</ref> The Chabad community in [[Montreal]] originated sometime before 1931. While early works on Canadian Jewry make little or no mention of early Hasidic life in [[Canada]], later researchers have documented Chabad's accounts in [[Canada]] starting from the 1900s and 1910s. [[Steven Lapidus]] notes that there is mention of two Chabad congregations in a 1915 article in the ''[[Canadian Jewish Chronicle]]'' listing the delegates of the first [[Canadian Jewish Conference]]. One congregation is listed as Chabad of Toronto, and the other is simply listed as "Libavitzer Congregation". The sociologist [[William Shaffir]] has noted that some Chabad Hasidim and sympathizers did reside in Montreal before 1941 but does not elaborate further. Steven Lapidus notes that in a 1931 obituary published in ''Keneder Odler'', a Canadian Yiddish newspaper, the deceased Rabbi [[Menashe Lavut]] is credited as the founder of Anshei Chabad in [[Montreal]] and the Nusach Ari synagogue. Thus the Chabad presence in [[Montreal]] predates 1931.<ref>[ |last=Lapidus |first=Steven |title=The Forgotten Hasidim: Rabbis and Rebbes in Prewar Canada |journal=Canadian Jewish Studies |year=2004 |volume=12 |url=pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/cjs/article/viewFile/22624/21095 |access-date=January 13, 2014}}</ref>
-=== United Arab Emirates ===
-* [[Dubai]] – The [[Jewish Community Center of UAE]] has a [[synagogue]] and a [[Talmud Torah]]. 1,000 [[Kashrus|kosher]] chickens per week are provided to the community by local kosher [[shechita]]. The community is headed by Rabbi [[Levi Duchman]].<ref>[|date=2020-06-11|title=A robust Jewish life exists in the U.A.E.|url=ynetnews.com/article/HkuTEWg6I|access-date=2020-06-18|website=ynetnews|language=en|last1=Salami|first1=Daniel}}</ref><ref>[|title=Baltimore Jewish Life {{!}} A New Talmud Torah Opens in Dubai|url=baltimorejewishlife.com:443/news/news-detail.php?SECTION_ID=3&ARTICLE_ID=131802|access-date=2020-06-18|website=baltimorejewishlife.com}}</ref><ref>[|title=Kiddush, Torah learning, and gefilte fish in Dubai – Jewish World|date=11 June 2020 |url=israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/281713|access-date=2020-06-18|publisher=Arutz Sheva|language=en}}</ref>
-[[File:Зеленський та рабини.jpg|thumb|Meeting of the [[President of Ukraine]] [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy|Volodymyr Zelensky]] with the rabbis of Ukraine on May 6, 2019]]
 == Customs and holidays ==