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| '''Chabad-Lubavitch'''<ref>Additional spellings include Habad, Lubawitz, and Jabad (in Spanish speaking countries)</ref> is the Chassidic movement founded by [[the Alter Rebbe]], Rabbi Schneuri Zalman of Liadi in Tsarist Russia, and is a main offshoots of the general Chassidic movement founded by [[the Baal Shem Tov]], Rabbi Yisrael ben Elizer. | | '''Chabad-Lubavitch''' is the Chassidic movement founded by [[the Alter Rebbe]], Rabbi Schneuri Zalman of Liadi in Tsarist Russia, and is a main offshoots of the general Chassidic movement founded by [[the Baal Shem Tov]], Rabbi Yisrael ben Elizer and his successor, [[the Maggid of Mezritch]], Rabbi Dovber ben Avraham. |
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| Founded in 1775<ref name="Barry" /> by Rabbi [[Shneur Zalman of Liadi]] (1745–1812) in the city of [[Liozna|Liozno]] in the [[Russian Empire]], the name "Chabad" (חב״ד) is an acronym formed from the three Hebrew words—[[Chokmah]], [[Binah (Kabbalah)|Binah]], [[Da'at]]— for the first three [[sefirot]] of the [[Tree of life (Kabbalah)|kabbalistic Tree of Life]] after [[Keter]]: חכמה, בינה, דעת, "Wisdom, Understanding, and Knowledge"—which represent the [[Chabad philosophy|intellectual and kabbalistic underpinnings]] of the movement.<ref>Dara Horn, June 13, 2014. Book review. Rebbe by Joseph Telushkin and My Rebbe by Adin Steinsaltz. "Rebbe of Rebbe's". date=October 26, 2014}} ''The Wall Street Journal''</ref><ref>[ |url=chabad.org/article.asp?AID=36226 |title=About Chabad-Lubavitch on |publisher=Chabad.org |access-date=2010-05-12}}</ref> The name [[Lyubavichi, Rudnyansky District, Smolensk Oblast|Lubavitch]] derives from the town in which the now-dominant line of leaders resided from 1813 to 1915.<ref name=jta1808>[|url=jta.org/2018/08/21/global/swastikas-daubed-chabad-center-movements-cradle-lyubavichi|title=Swastikas daubed on Russian Chabad center in cradle of Lubavitch Hasidic movement|date=August 21, 2018}}</ref><ref name=haaretz1920>[|url=haaretz.com/jewish/.premium-lubavitcher-rabbi-who-met-with-freud-dies-1.5235021|title=This Day in Jewish History, 1920 Lubavitcher Rabbi Who Met with Freud Dies|first=David B.|last=Green|date=March 21, 2013|newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref> Other, [[Chabad offshoot groups|non-Lubavitch scions of Chabad]] either disappeared or merged into the Lubavitch line. In the 1930s, the sixth [[Rebbe]] of Chabad, Rabbi [[Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn]], moved the center of the Chabad movement from Russia to Poland. After the outbreak of World War II, he moved the center of the movement to Brooklyn, New York, in the United States, where the Rebbe lived at 770 Eastern Parkway until the end of his life.
| | The Alter Rebbe, born in 1745 in the city of [[Liozna]] in the [[Russian Empire]], |
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| Between 1951 and 1994, Rabbi [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]] transformed the movement into one of the most widespread Jewish movements in the world. Under his leadership, Chabad established a large network of institutions that seek to satisfy the religious, social and humanitarian needs of Jews across the world.<ref name=ch100>[|url=jta.org/2017/11/20/news-opinion/united-states/uganda-is-100th-outpost-for-chabad|title=Uganda is 100th outpost for Chabad-Lubavitch|via=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=2017-11-20.</ref> Chabad institutions provide [[Orthodox Judaism outreach|outreach to unaffiliated Jews]] and humanitarian aid, as well as religious, cultural and educational activities. During his life and after his death, Schneerson has been believed by some of his followers to be the [[Messiah in Judaism|Messiah]], with his own position on the matter debated among scholars. [[Chabad messianism|Messianic ideology]] in Chabad sparked controversy in various Jewish communities and it is still an unresolved matter. Following his death, no successor was appointed as a new central leader. The Rebbe was also known to have never visited Israel, for reasons which remain disputed among the Chabad community.
| | The name "Chabad" (חב״ד) is an acronym formed from the three Hebrew words—[[Chokmah]], [[Binah (Kabbalah)|Binah]], [[Da'at]]— for the first three [[sefirot]] of the [[Tree of life (Kabbalah)|kabbalistic Tree of Life]] after [[Keter]]: חכמה, בינה, דעת, "Wisdom, Understanding, and Knowledge"—which represent the [[Chabad philosophy|intellectual and kabbalistic underpinnings]] of the movement.<ref>"About Chabad-Lubavitch" Chabad.org.</ref> The name [[Lubavitch]] derives from the town in which the Alter Rebbe's son and successor, [[the Mitteler Rebbe], Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, relocated the movement after the war between Napoleon and Russia. The succeeding Rebbes of Chabad resided in the town until the First World War. Following the rise of Communism in Russia, the sixth Rebbe of Chabad, [[the Rebbe Rayatz]], Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, moved the center of the Chabad movement from Russia to Poland. After the outbreak of World War II, he moved the center of the movement to [[770 Eastern Parkway]] in the [[Crown Heights]] section of Brooklyn (New York, [[United States|USA]]). There, following the ''[[histalkus]]'' of the Rebbe Rayatz in 1950, [[the Rebbe]], Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson became the leader of the worldwide Chabad movement exactly one year later. In the following decades, the Rebbe transformed the Chabad movement into one of the most widespread Jewish movements in the world. Under his leadership, Chabad established a large network of institutions to [[spread the wellsprings]] of the teachings of Chassidus, as well as to provide for the religious, social and humanitarian needs of Jews across the world. Chabad institutions provide outreach to unaffiliated Jews and humanitarian aid, as well as religious, cultural and educational activities. The impact of the Chabad movement on non-Chassidic Jews is widely recognised. In a 2020 study, the Pew Research Center found that 16% of American Jews from different backgrounds participated in Chabad services or activities at least semi-regularly.<ref>Pew Research Center, "Jewish Americans in 2020", pewforum.org.</ref> The Rebbe's focus on the immediate coming of the [[Moshiach]], a foundational Jewish belief, was made very clear in many teachings and writings, and which continue to inspire his Chassidim until this very day. |
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| The global population of Chabad has been estimated to be 90,000–95,000 adherents as of 2018, accounting for 13% of the global Hasidic population.<ref name=marcinw>[[Marcin Wodziński]], ''Historical Atlas of Hasidism'', Princeton University Press, 2018. pp. 192–196.</ref> However, up to one million Jews are estimated to attend Chabad services at least once a year.<ref name="SamH">[ |last=Heilman |first=Samuel |title=The Chabad Lubavitch Movement: Filling the Jewish Vacuum Worldwide |publisher=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]] |date=December 15, 2005 |url=jcpa.org/article/the-chabad-lubavitch-movement-filling-the-jewish-vacuum-worldwide/ |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Slater Page 279">Slater, Elinor and Robert, ''Great Jewish Men'', Jonathan David Publishers 1996 ({{ISBN|08246 03818}}). p. 279.</ref> In a 2020 study, the [[Pew Research Center]] found that 16% of [[American Jews]] participated in Chabad services or activities at least semi-regularly.<ref>[|website=Pew Research Center|title=Jewish Americans in 2020|url=pewforum.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2021/05/PF_05.11.21_Jewish.Americans.pdf}}</ref>
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| == History == | | == History == |
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| [[Category:Articles]] | | [[Category:Articles]] |
| | [[he:חסידות_חב"ד]] |