Chabad: Difference between revisions
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== Community == | == Community == | ||
[[File:Rabbi Schneerson - Lag BaOmer parade.jpg|right|thumb|A [[Lag BaOmer]] parade in front of Chabad headquarters at [[770 Eastern Parkway]], Brooklyn, New York, in 1987]] | [[File:Rabbi Schneerson - Lag BaOmer parade.jpg|right|thumb|A [[Lag BaOmer]] parade in front of Chabad headquarters at [[770 Eastern Parkway]], Brooklyn, New York, in 1987]] | ||
An adherent of Chabad is called a | An adherent of Chabad is called a Chabad Chasid (or Chasid), a Lubavitcher, a Chabadnik, or a Chabadsker.<ref>[ |last=Cohen|first=J. Simcha|title=How Does Jewish Law Work?|publisher=Jason Aronson|date=December 28, 1999|page=329|isbn=978-0-7657-6090-6|url=books.google.com/books?id=8XBjccyzdL8C&pg=PA329|access-date=September 4, 2009}}</ref> Chabad's adherents include both Hasidic followers, as well as non-Hasidim, who have joined Chabad synagogues and other Chabad-run institutions.<ref name=chuck1965/> | ||
Although the Chabad movement was founded and originally based in [[Eastern Europe]], various Chabad communities span the globe, including [[Crown Heights, Brooklyn|Crown Heights]], [[Brooklyn]], and [[Kfar Chabad]], [[Israel]].<ref>[ |last1=Goldschmidt |first1=Henry |title=Race and Religion Among the Chosen People of Crown Heights |date=2006 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |location=New Brunswick, NJ |jstor=j.ctt5hj1p2 |isbn=9780813538839 |url=jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hj1p2 |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref>[ |last1=JTA |title=In all-Chabad Israeli village, Brooklyn meets country living |url=timesofisrael.com/in-all-chabad-israeli-village-brooklyn-meets-country-living/ |access-date=5 October 2020 |work=The Times of Israel |date=11 February 2016}}</ref> The movement has attracted a significant number of [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic]] adherents in the past several decades,<ref>[ |last=Shokeid |first=Moshe |title=Children of Circumstances: Israeli Emigrants in New York |location=Ithaca |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |year=1988 |series=Anthropology of Contemporary Issues |pages=[archive.org/details/childrenofcircum0000shok/page/139 139–160] |isbn=978-0801420788 |url=archive.org/details/childrenofcircum0000shok/page/139}}</ref> and some Chabad communities include both [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] and Sephardic Jews. For example, in [[Montreal]], close to 25% of Chabad households include a Sephardi parent.<ref>[ |publisher=The Chabad Sociologist |date=July 9, 2013 |title=Did You Know 25% of Chabad in Montreal are Sefardi? |url=chabadsociologist.wordpress.com/2013/07/09/did-you-know-25-of-chabad-in-montreal-are-sefardi/}}</ref><ref>Shahar, Charles. "A Comprehensive Study of the Ultra Orthodox Community of Greater Montreal (2003)". Federation CJA (Montreal). 2003.</ref> | Although the Chabad movement was founded and originally based in [[Eastern Europe]], various Chabad communities span the globe, including [[Crown Heights, Brooklyn|Crown Heights]], [[Brooklyn]], and [[Kfar Chabad]], [[Israel]].<ref>[ |last1=Goldschmidt |first1=Henry |title=Race and Religion Among the Chosen People of Crown Heights |date=2006 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |location=New Brunswick, NJ |jstor=j.ctt5hj1p2 |isbn=9780813538839 |url=jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hj1p2 |access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref>[ |last1=JTA |title=In all-Chabad Israeli village, Brooklyn meets country living |url=timesofisrael.com/in-all-chabad-israeli-village-brooklyn-meets-country-living/ |access-date=5 October 2020 |work=The Times of Israel |date=11 February 2016}}</ref> The movement has attracted a significant number of [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic]] adherents in the past several decades,<ref>[ |last=Shokeid |first=Moshe |title=Children of Circumstances: Israeli Emigrants in New York |location=Ithaca |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |year=1988 |series=Anthropology of Contemporary Issues |pages=[archive.org/details/childrenofcircum0000shok/page/139 139–160] |isbn=978-0801420788 |url=archive.org/details/childrenofcircum0000shok/page/139}}</ref> and some Chabad communities include both [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] and Sephardic Jews. For example, in [[Montreal]], close to 25% of Chabad households include a Sephardi parent.<ref>[ |publisher=The Chabad Sociologist |date=July 9, 2013 |title=Did You Know 25% of Chabad in Montreal are Sefardi? |url=chabadsociologist.wordpress.com/2013/07/09/did-you-know-25-of-chabad-in-montreal-are-sefardi/}}</ref><ref>Shahar, Charles. "A Comprehensive Study of the Ultra Orthodox Community of Greater Montreal (2003)". Federation CJA (Montreal). 2003.</ref> | ||
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Estimates for Chabad and other Hasidic groups are often based on extrapolation from the limited information available in US census data for some of the areas where Hasidim live. A 2006 estimate was drawn from a study on the [[Montreal]] Chabad community (determining average household size), in conjunction with language and other select indicators from US census data, it is estimated that Chabad in the [[United States]] includes approximately 4,000 households, which contains between 22,000 and 25,000 people. In terms of Chabad's relation to other Hasidic groups, within the New York metropolitan area, Chabad in the New York area accounts for around 15% of the total New York Hasidic population. Chabad is estimated to have an annual growth of 3.6%:<ref name=comenetz/> | Estimates for Chabad and other Hasidic groups are often based on extrapolation from the limited information available in US census data for some of the areas where Hasidim live. A 2006 estimate was drawn from a study on the [[Montreal]] Chabad community (determining average household size), in conjunction with language and other select indicators from US census data, it is estimated that Chabad in the [[United States]] includes approximately 4,000 households, which contains between 22,000 and 25,000 people. In terms of Chabad's relation to other Hasidic groups, within the New York metropolitan area, Chabad in the New York area accounts for around 15% of the total New York Hasidic population. Chabad is estimated to have an annual growth of 3.6%:<ref name=comenetz/> | ||
* [[Crown Heights, Brooklyn|Crown Heights]] – The Crown Heights Chabad community's estimated size is 12,000 to 16,000.<ref name=shaffir34>Shaffir, William. [jewishjournalofsociology.org/index.php/jjs/article/viewFile/36/34 "The renaissance of Hassidism."] | * [[Crown Heights, Brooklyn|Crown Heights]] – The Crown Heights Chabad community's estimated size is 12,000 to 16,000.<ref name=shaffir34>Shaffir, William. [jewishjournalofsociology.org/index.php/jjs/article/viewFile/36/34 "The renaissance of Hassidism."] [web.archive.org/web/20161106195854/jewishjournalofsociology.org/index.php/jjs/article/viewFile/36/34 |date=2016-11-06}} ''Jewish Journal of Sociology'' 48, no. 2 (2006).</ref> It was estimated that between 25% and 35% of Chabad Hasidim in Crown Heights speak [[Yiddish]]. This figure is significantly lower than other Hasidic groups and may be attributed to the addition of previously non-Hasidic Jews to the community. It was also estimated that over 20% of Chabad Hasidim in Crown Heights speak Hebrew or Russian.<ref name=comenetz>Comenetz, Joshua. "Census-based estimation of the Hasidic Jewish population." ''Contemporary Jewry'' 26, no. 1 (2006): 35.</ref> The Crown Heights Chabad community has its own [[Beis Din]] (rabbinical court) and [[Crown Heights Jewish Community Council]] (CHJCC). | ||
* [[Chabad hipsters]] – Beginning from the late 2000s through the 2010s, a minor trend of cross acculturation of Chabad Hasidim and contemporary [[hipster (contemporary subculture)|hipster subculture]] appeared within the New York City [[History of the Jews in New York|Jewish community]]. According to ''[[The Jewish Daily Forward]]'', a small number of members of the Chabad Hasidic community, mostly residing in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, appear to now have adopted various [[cultural assimilation|cultural affinities]] of the local hipster subculture. These members are referred to as Chabad hipsters or Hipster Hasidim.<ref name=birthofhasidic>Greenfield, Nicole. [religiondispatches.org/birth-of-hipster-hasidism/ ."Birth of Hipster Hasidism?"] ''Religion Dispatches''. University of Southern Carolina. February 2, 2012</ref><ref name=hipsterhasids>Nussbaum-Cohen, Debra. [blogs.forward.com/sisterhood-blog/150315/ "Of Hasids, Hipsters, and Hipster Hasids."] ''[[The Jewish Daily Forward]]''. January 26, 2012.</ref> | * [[Chabad hipsters]] – Beginning from the late 2000s through the 2010s, a minor trend of cross acculturation of Chabad Hasidim and contemporary [[hipster (contemporary subculture)|hipster subculture]] appeared within the New York City [[History of the Jews in New York|Jewish community]]. According to ''[[The Jewish Daily Forward]]'', a small number of members of the Chabad Hasidic community, mostly residing in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, appear to now have adopted various [[cultural assimilation|cultural affinities]] of the local hipster subculture. These members are referred to as Chabad hipsters or Hipster Hasidim.<ref name=birthofhasidic>Greenfield, Nicole. [religiondispatches.org/birth-of-hipster-hasidism/ ."Birth of Hipster Hasidism?"] ''Religion Dispatches''. University of Southern Carolina. February 2, 2012</ref><ref name=hipsterhasids>Nussbaum-Cohen, Debra. [blogs.forward.com/sisterhood-blog/150315/ "Of Hasids, Hipsters, and Hipster Hasids."] ''[[The Jewish Daily Forward]]''. January 26, 2012.</ref> | ||
=== Israel === | === Israel === | ||
* [[Kfar Chabad]] – Kfar Chabad's population was placed at 6,489 in 2024; all of the residents of the town are believed to be Chabad adherents, with this number being based on figures published by the [[Israeli Census Bureau]].<ref>[ |title=Regional Statistics |url=cbs.gov.il/he/publications/LochutTlushim/2020/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%942020.xlsx |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Other estimates place the community population at around 7,000.<ref name=shaffir34/> | * [[Kfar Chabad]] – Kfar Chabad's population was placed at 6,489 in 2024; all of the residents of the town are believed to be Chabad adherents, with this number being based on figures published by the [[Israeli Census Bureau]].<ref>[ |title=Regional Statistics |url=cbs.gov.il/he/publications/LochutTlushim/2020/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%942020.xlsx |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Other estimates place the community population at around 7,000.<ref name=shaffir34/> | ||
* [[Safed]] – The Chabad community in Safad (Tzfat) originated during the wave of Eastern European immigration to Palestine from 1777–1840. The Chabad community established synagogues and institutions in Safad. The early settlement declined by the 20th century but it was renewed following an initiative by the seventh rebbe in the early 1970s, which reestablished the Chabad community in the city.<ref name=tzefatcoil>[ |url=safed.co.il/chabad-in-tzfat.html |title=The Chabad Hassidic Community in Tzfat |publisher=Safed.co.il |access-date=September 14, 2014}}</ref> Rabbi Yeshaya HaLevi Horowitz (1883–1978), a Safad-born direct descendant of Rabbi [[Isaiah Horowitz|Yeshaya Horowitz]], author of the | * [[Safed]] – The Chabad community in Safad (Tzfat) originated during the wave of Eastern European immigration to Palestine from 1777–1840. The Chabad community established synagogues and institutions in Safad. The early settlement declined by the 20th century but it was renewed following an initiative by the seventh rebbe in the early 1970s, which reestablished the Chabad community in the city.<ref name=tzefatcoil>[ |url=safed.co.il/chabad-in-tzfat.html |title=The Chabad Hassidic Community in Tzfat |publisher=Safed.co.il |access-date=September 14, 2014}}</ref> Rabbi Yeshaya HaLevi Horowitz (1883–1978), a Safad-born direct descendant of Rabbi [[Isaiah Horowitz|Yeshaya Horowitz]], author of the Shnei Luchot HaBrit, served as the rabbi of the Chabad community in Safad from 1908 until his immigration to the U.S. during World War I.<ref>[kedem-auctions.com/content/sefer-hazohar-%E2%80%93-including-glosses-rabbi-yeshaya-horowitz-safed-and-his-son-rabbi-shmuel "Sefer HaZohar – Including Glosses by Rabbi Yeshaya Horowitz of Safad and His Son Rabbi Shmuel Horowitz Author of 'Yemei Shmuel.'" Judaica Auction no. 27- Books and Manuscripts] [web.archive.org/web/20161006013938/kedem-auctions.com/content/sefer-hazohar-%E2%80%93-including-glosses-rabbi-yeshaya-horowitz-safed-and-his-son-rabbi-shmuel |date=October 6, 2016}}. ''[[Kedem Auction House]]''. Retrieved September 14, 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2016</ref> Members of the Chabad community run a number of outreach efforts during the Jewish holidays. Activities include blowing the [[shofar]] for the elderly on [[Rosh Hashana]], reading the [[Book of Esther|Megilla]] for hospital patients on Purim and setting up a [[Sukkah]] on the town's main street during the [[Sukkot]] holiday.<ref name=tzefatcoil/> | ||
* Nachlat Har Chabad in [[Kiryat Malakhi]] is home to 2800 residents, with institutions including a yeshiva and a girls' school. | * Nachlat Har Chabad in [[Kiryat Malakhi]] is home to 2800 residents, with institutions including a yeshiva and a girls' school. | ||