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Rabbi Yehuda Kalman Marlow (10 Adar I 5692 - 20 Sivan 5760) was the rabbi of the Crown Heights neighborhood in Brooklyn, and one of the prominent leaders who believed in the Rebbe as | [[File:הרב מארלאו.jpg|thumb|Rabbi Marlow presenting the psak din that "the time of Geulah has arrived" to the Rebbe Melech HaMoshiach]] | ||
Rabbi '''Yehuda Kalman Marlow''' (10 Adar I 5692 - 20 Sivan 5760) was the rabbi of the [[Crown Heights]] neighborhood in Brooklyn, and one of the prominent leaders who believed in the [[The Rebbe|Rebbe]] as Melech HaMoshiach even after 3 Tammuz 5754. He was called by the Rebbe "Knight of Knights." | |||
== Life History == | == Life History == | ||
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== In the United States == | == In the United States == | ||
After the Nazi Party under Hitler's leadership rose to power, staying in Germany became unbearable, and in 5698 the family immigrated to the United States and settled in Newark, New Jersey, where they shortened their family name to Marlow. | After the Nazi Party under Hitler's leadership rose to power, staying in Germany became unbearable, and in 5698 the family immigrated to [[the United States]] and settled in Newark, New Jersey, where they shortened their family name to Marlow. | ||
During this period, his father preferred to work in menial and difficult jobs rather than violate the Sabbath. Hard days passed for the young six-year-old son, who sometimes even went hungry. But despite their difficult financial situation, the parents sent their young son to study at the Torah Vodaath Yeshiva. In Newark lived the Chassid R' David Stockhammer, who was the father-in-law of Rabbi Mordechai Mentlik and Rabbi Moshe Pinchas Katz. The conduct of these Chassidim influenced Yehuda Kalman to go study at Tomchei Tmimim. This was also when the first connection with Chabad Chassidut was formed through Rabbi Shalom Dovber Gordon, a young Chabad man who had immigrated to the United States a few years earlier with his father, the Chassid R' Yochanan Gordon, and began spreading Chassidic teachings in Jewish educational institutions. | During this period, his father preferred to work in menial and difficult jobs rather than violate the [[Shabbos|Sabbath]]. Hard days passed for the young six-year-old son, who sometimes even went hungry. But despite their difficult financial situation, the parents sent their young son to study at the Torah Vodaath Yeshiva. In Newark lived the Chassid R' David Stockhammer, who was the father-in-law of Rabbi Mordechai Mentlik and Rabbi Moshe Pinchas Katz. The conduct of these Chassidim influenced Yehuda Kalman to go study at [[Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim|Tomchei Tmimim]]. This was also when the first connection with Chabad Chassidut was formed through Rabbi Shalom Dovber Gordon, a young Chabad man who had immigrated to the United States a few years earlier with his father, the Chassid R' Yochanan Gordon, and began spreading Chassidic teachings in Jewish educational institutions. | ||
His father, R' Avraham Yehoshua, despite not being among the Chassidic community, greatly admired the Chassidic ways, and when the Rayatz (Previous Rebbe) arrived in the United States, he traveled together with the Chassidim to the Rebbe's farbrengen. | His father, R' Avraham Yehoshua, despite not being among the Chassidic community, greatly admired the Chassidic ways, and when the Rayatz (Previous Rebbe) arrived in the United States, he traveled together with the Chassidim to the Rebbe's farbrengen. | ||
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After the wedding, Rabbi Marlow worked as an educator at the Lubavitcher Yeshiva and became a beloved teacher. Even when the burden of making a living fell upon him, he never stopped studying Torah for a moment. In the morning hours, he would teach at the yeshiva, and after classes ended, he would go to the synagogue and sit down to study with diligence and persistence. Only in the late night hours would he return home. | After the wedding, Rabbi Marlow worked as an educator at the Lubavitcher Yeshiva and became a beloved teacher. Even when the burden of making a living fell upon him, he never stopped studying Torah for a moment. In the morning hours, he would teach at the yeshiva, and after classes ended, he would go to the synagogue and sit down to study with diligence and persistence. Only in the late night hours would he return home. | ||
At that time, Rabbi Zalman Shimon Dvorkin served as the rabbi of Crown Heights, speaking mainly in Yiddish and not having a good command of English. Baalei teshuva (newly religious Jews) who joined the community and spoke only English could not communicate with the community's rabbi and preferred to ask Rabbi Marlow, who was fluent in English. Rabbi Marlow, who did not want to rule on Jewish law in front of his rabbi, would not respond directly to questioners but would open the Shulchan Aruch to the relevant section and study it with them until they understood what the Shulchan Aruch ruled in such a case. | At that time, Rabbi [[Zalman Shimon Dvorkin]] served as the rabbi of Crown Heights, speaking mainly in [[Yiddish]] and not having a good command of English. Baalei teshuva (newly religious Jews) who joined the community and spoke only English could not communicate with the community's rabbi and preferred to ask Rabbi Marlow, who was fluent in English. Rabbi Marlow, who did not want to rule on Jewish law in front of his rabbi, would not respond directly to questioners but would open the Shulchan Aruch to the relevant section and study it with them until they understood what the Shulchan Aruch ruled in such a case. | ||
Every year he would complete several tractates in depth, and before each holiday, he would thoroughly review all the laws related to that holiday. He also had a special study schedule for learning the laws applicable throughout the year. He knew the entire Torah with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos by heart, and was a very precise Torah reader. The cantillation marks were fluent on his tongue. | Every year he would complete several tractates in depth, and before each holiday, he would thoroughly review all the laws related to that holiday. He also had a special study schedule for learning the laws applicable throughout the year. He knew the entire Torah with Rashi's commentary and Targum Onkelos by heart, and was a very precise Torah reader. The cantillation marks were fluent on his tongue. | ||
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== Spreading the Message of Redemption == | == Spreading the Message of Redemption == | ||
Rabbi Marlow had a special enthusiasm for all matters concerning redemption and Moshiach, particularly regarding the identity of King Moshiach. The Rabbi used every opportunity to encourage activity in these areas, and he himself participated in these activities. | Rabbi Marlow had a special enthusiasm for all matters concerning redemption and Moshiach, particularly regarding the identity of King Moshiach. The Rabbi used every opportunity to encourage activity in these areas, and he himself participated in these activities.[[File:כתב הרבנות של הרב מארלו.jpg|thumb|The Rabbinical Certificate of Rabbi Marlow]]In 5747, after the entire congregation cried out "Ad Mosai!?" (Until when!?) during the Rebbe's farbrengen on Shabbat Parshat Vayigash, and there was a special awakening regarding matters of redemption, twenty-five rabbis headed by Rabbi Marlow sat for a special discussion on the topic and issued a ruling stating that according to the Torah of truth, God must bring the redemption immediately. The next day, on the tenth of Tevet before Mincha prayer, Rabbi Marlow presented the ruling to the Rebbe. | ||
In 5747, after the entire congregation cried out "Ad Mosai!?" (Until when!?) during the Rebbe's farbrengen on Shabbat Parshat Vayigash, and there was a special awakening regarding matters of redemption, twenty-five rabbis headed by Rabbi Marlow sat for a special discussion on the topic and issued a ruling stating that according to the Torah of truth, God must bring the redemption immediately. The next day, on the tenth of Tevet before Mincha prayer, Rabbi Marlow presented the ruling to the Rebbe. | |||
Similarly, in the summer of 5751, when the rabbinical rulings that the time of redemption had arrived and that the Rebbe is King Moshiach were being considered, Rabbi Marlow was one of the most dominant forces in the matter. | Similarly, in the summer of 5751, when the rabbinical rulings that the time of redemption had arrived and that the Rebbe is King Moshiach were being considered, Rabbi Marlow was one of the most dominant forces in the matter. | ||
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His strong faith in the Rebbe as King Moshiach was also expressed during his illness when doctors ordered him to be confined to his bed. On the first Shabbat after his surgery, while he was in the hospital, ten students from the Central Tomchei Tmimim Yeshiva at 770 came to pray Kabbalat Shabbat with the Rabbi in a minyan. Before they began praying, family members asked them to hurry the prayer somewhat, due to the Rabbi's condition. When they reached the end of "Lecha Dodi," the Rabbi signaled with his hand for them to do a 'Yechi' dance. When he noticed their hesitation, he rose from his chair and began dancing himself and singing 'Yechi Adoneinu.' The dancing continued for ten minutes, after which he returned to his bed completely exhausted. The effort was so great that after the prayer, the Rabbi was unable to make Kiddush and had to rest for two full hours. After he woke up, he told his family that this was a special prayer, and afterward made Kiddush. | His strong faith in the Rebbe as King Moshiach was also expressed during his illness when doctors ordered him to be confined to his bed. On the first Shabbat after his surgery, while he was in the hospital, ten students from the Central Tomchei Tmimim Yeshiva at 770 came to pray Kabbalat Shabbat with the Rabbi in a minyan. Before they began praying, family members asked them to hurry the prayer somewhat, due to the Rabbi's condition. When they reached the end of "Lecha Dodi," the Rabbi signaled with his hand for them to do a 'Yechi' dance. When he noticed their hesitation, he rose from his chair and began dancing himself and singing 'Yechi Adoneinu.' The dancing continued for ten minutes, after which he returned to his bed completely exhausted. The effort was so great that after the prayer, the Rabbi was unable to make Kiddush and had to rest for two full hours. After he woke up, he told his family that this was a special prayer, and afterward made Kiddush. | ||
[[File:חתונת הרב מארלו.jpg|thumb|The Rebbe arranging kiddushin at the chuppah of Rabbi Marlow]] | |||
It should be noted that Rabbi Marlow was among the Chabad rabbis who issued a Torah ruling that it is forbidden to write titles implying the opposite of life about the Rebbe. | It should be noted that Rabbi Marlow was among the Chabad rabbis who issued a Torah ruling that it is forbidden to write titles implying the opposite of life about the Rebbe. | ||
== His Passing == | == His Passing == | ||
After Tishrei 5760, the Rabbi felt strange fatigue. Initially, he thought it was accumulated tiredness, but after several weeks he realized it was something much more serious. He went for medical tests, where it was discovered that he had a cancerous tumor spreading near his brain. A surgery date was immediately set to remove the tumor. | After Tishrei 5760, the Rabbi felt strange fatigue. Initially, he thought it was accumulated tiredness, but after several weeks he realized it was something much more serious. He went for medical tests, where it was discovered that he had a cancerous tumor spreading near his brain. A surgery date was immediately set to remove the tumor. | ||
[[File:כיתת הרב מארלאו.jpg|thumb|Rabbi Marlow in a group photo with his students from Class 5 of the Lubavitcher Yeshiva in the year 5730 (1970)]] | |||
The surgery was scheduled for 7 Kislev. The night before surgery, the Rabbi was hospitalized for medical monitoring. He used that night to study the Turei Zahav on the laws of Chanukah in depth. He was so immersed in his studies that he didn't even notice his son-in-law Rabbi Schechter entering and leaving the room every half hour. | The surgery was scheduled for 7 Kislev. The night before surgery, the Rabbi was hospitalized for medical monitoring. He used that night to study the Turei Zahav on the laws of Chanukah in depth. He was so immersed in his studies that he didn't even notice his son-in-law Rabbi Schechter entering and leaving the room every half hour. | ||
[[File:הרב מארלאו בביקור במפעל למוצר חלב.jpg|thumb|Rabbi Marlow visiting a dairy products factory. Standing from right to left: Rabbi Chanina Sperlin, Rabbi Berel Levartov, Rabbi and Mara D'Asra '''Yehuda Kalman Marlow''', Rabbi Yosef Bruck, Rabbi Michael Chazzan, and Rabbi Yeshaya Baumgarten.]] | |||
After the first surgery, when he returned to the hospital, he wrote a letter to the Rebbe and inserted it into the Igrot Kodesh. In his letter, the Rabbi asked for a blessing that he would not become a burden on his family members during his illness. | After the first surgery, when he returned to the hospital, he wrote a letter to the Rebbe and inserted it into the Igrot Kodesh. In his letter, the Rabbi asked for a blessing that he would not become a burden on his family members during his illness. | ||
[[File:הרב מארלאו בתמונה עם ילד, רגעים לפני ברית המילה ה-9,200 שערך ארגון פרי.jpg|thumb|Rabbi Yehuda Kalman Marlow in a photo with a child, moments before the 9,200th bris milah organized by the Friends of East European Refugees Organization.]] | |||
Indeed, his condition began to stabilize. Two months later, the illness attacked him again, this time much more severely, and he became bedridden. His last public appearance was on the eve of 10 Shevat 5760 (at an event celebrating fifty years of the Rebbe's leadership at 'Ohalei Torah' hall, where he gave an especially long speech of about forty-five minutes). After 10 Shevat, he could no longer leave his home, and the Temimim (yeshiva students) would organize minyanim in his house. From then on, the Rabbi's condition did not improve, and for eight months he suffered prolonged afflictions. The name 'Chaim' was added to his name. | Indeed, his condition began to stabilize. Two months later, the illness attacked him again, this time much more severely, and he became bedridden. His last public appearance was on the eve of 10 Shevat 5760 (at an event celebrating fifty years of the Rebbe's leadership at 'Ohalei Torah' hall, where he gave an especially long speech of about forty-five minutes). After 10 Shevat, he could no longer leave his home, and the Temimim (yeshiva students) would organize minyanim in his house. From then on, the Rabbi's condition did not improve, and for eight months he suffered prolonged afflictions. The name 'Chaim' was added to his name. | ||
In the final months of his illness, the Anash community worldwide, especially the Crown Heights Anash community, increased their prayers for his recovery, and following the suggestion of Beis Din member [[ | In the final months of his illness, the Anash community worldwide, especially the Crown Heights Anash community, increased their prayers for his recovery, and following the suggestion of Beis Din member Rabbi [[avrohom osdoba]], they added study of the laws of Shabbat in his merit. | ||
On Thursday night, 20 Sivan 5760, he went to the hospital for medical treatment. During treatment, a few minutes after midnight on Friday morning, the Rabbi suffered a heart attack from which he did not recover. | On Thursday night, 20 Sivan 5760, he went to the hospital for medical treatment. During treatment, a few minutes after midnight on Friday morning, the Rabbi suffered a heart attack from which he did not recover. | ||
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== His Family == | == His Family == | ||
* His wife, Rebbetzin Chaya Marlow | * His wife, Rebbetzin Chaya Marlow | ||
* His son, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Marlow - emissary and rabbi at 'Beit Menachem' synagogue in N. Miami Beach, Florida | * His son, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Marlow - emissary and rabbi at 'Beit Menachem' synagogue in N. Miami Beach, Florida | ||
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== Activities in His Memory == | == Activities in His Memory == | ||
# Mivtza Shoneh Halachos - Each year, hundreds of children from Ohalei Torah and Lubavitcher Yeshiva institutions memorize dozens of sections in Kitzur Shulchan Aruch with the Alter Rebbe's rulings and are tested on the laws. At the end of the campaign, a quiz is held between students of the institutions, attended by students' parents and Crown Heights residents. A number of judges examine the participants to determine which children will advance and win prizes. | # Mivtza Shoneh Halachos - Each year, hundreds of children from Ohalei Torah and Lubavitcher Yeshiva institutions memorize dozens of sections in Kitzur Shulchan Aruch with the Alter Rebbe's rulings and are tested on the laws. At the end of the campaign, a quiz is held between students of the institutions, attended by students' parents and Crown Heights residents. A number of judges examine the participants to determine which children will advance and win prizes. | ||
# Yehuda Kalman Evening Yeshiva - Each year, children from educational institutions in Crown Heights participate in evening yeshiva programs throughout the year, receiving holy books and book purchase vouchers for religious bookstores. | # Yehuda Kalman Evening Yeshiva - Each year, children from educational institutions in Crown Heights participate in evening yeshiva programs throughout the year, receiving holy books and book purchase vouchers for religious bookstores. | ||
# Tiferet Yehuda Kalman - For the first yahrzeit of Rabbi Marlow (20 Sivan 5761), a "Memorial Book - Tiferet Yehuda Kalman" was published in his honor and memory. It included teachings from our Rebbes, first Chassidim, scholarly discussions from rabbis worldwide, and a brief history of the Beis Din and Rabbi Marlow's life. For the second yahrzeit (20 Sivan 5762), a second volume was published. | # Tiferet Yehuda Kalman - For the first yahrzeit of Rabbi Marlow (20 Sivan 5761), a "Memorial Book - Tiferet Yehuda Kalman" was published in his honor and memory. It included teachings from our Rebbes, first Chassidim, scholarly discussions from rabbis worldwide, and a brief history of the Beis Din and Rabbi Marlow's life. For the second yahrzeit (20 Sivan 5762), a second volume was published. | ||
# | # Eshel - Hachnosas Orchim - A guest house (near the corner of Eastern Parkway and Kingston, more precisely: 272 Kingston Street) containing dozens of spacious and well-equipped bedrooms for guests coming to stay in 'our holy courts' throughout the year. | ||
# Torah Scroll - Writing of a Torah scroll in memory of Rabbi Marlow. | # Torah Scroll - Writing of a Torah scroll in memory of Rabbi Marlow. | ||
== For Further Reading | == For Further Reading == | ||
* [[Beis Din Crown Heights|Beis Din Tzedek Crown Heights]] | |||
[[Category:People from Crown Heights]] | |||
[[Category:Rabbonim of Community's]] | |||
[[he:יהודה קלמן מרלו]] | |||