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{{Beis HaRav}}
[[File:ציון בן יוסף בן הצמח צדק.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The restored burial marker of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn in Ovruch (Kislev 2011)]]
'''Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn of Avrutch''' (5582-5637) was the son of [[the Tzemach Tzedek]]. He established a Chassidic court in Avrutch in the style of Chernobyl Chassidus.


== Life History ==
'''Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn of Ovruch''' (1822 – [[18 Kislev]], 1877) was the fifth son of the [[Tzemach Tzedek]] (Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, the third Rebbe of Chabad). He founded a chassidic court in [[Ovruch]] (in present-day Ukraine), conducting his leadership in the style of the [[Chernobyl]] chassidic dynasty rather than in the Chabad manner.
He was born in 5582 in the town of Lubavitch as the fifth son to his father Admor the Tzemach Tzedek and his mother Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka. Admor Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak was their fifth son. He was named after Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak of Shrei, the husband of the granddaughter of Rabbi Baruch Batlan (Rebbetzin Devorah Leah) and uncle of the Alter Rebbe.


He married Rebbetzin Chana, daughter of Rabbi Yaakov Yisroel of Cherkass and Rebbetzin Devorah Leah (daughter of the Mitteler Rebbe).
==Biography==


In the month of Tishrei 5637 he fell ill, and on the 18th of Kislev 5637 he passed away and was laid to rest with honor in Avrutch.
Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak was born in 1822 in [[Lubavitch]] to the [[Tzemach Tzedek]] and [[Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka (wife of the Tzemach Tzedek)|Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka]]. He was the fifth of their sons. He was named after Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak of Shrei, a grandson-in-law of Rabbi Boruch Batlan — through the Rebbetzin Devorah Leah — and an uncle of the [[Alter Rebbe]] (Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi, the founder of Chabad).


== His Leadership as Rebbe ==
He married Rebbetzin [[Chana (granddaughter of the Mitteler Rebbe)|Chana]], daughter of Rabbi [[Yaakov Yisrael of Cherkasy]] and Rebbetzin [[Devorah Leah (daughter of the Mitteler Rebbe)|Devorah Leah]], a daughter of the [[Mitteler Rebbe]] (Rabbi Dovber Schneersohn, the second Rebbe of Chabad).
After his wedding, the Tzemach Tzedek wanted him to come settle in Lubavitch, but his father-in-law opposed this and wanted him to be appointed as Admor in Avrutch in order to prevent the descendants of Rabbi Aharon of Chernobyl, his father-in-law's brother, from taking the rabbinical position and leadership in the city, despite this being difficult for him. Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak eventually accepted his father-in-law's proposal and at the age of thirty-six, in 5619, he began to act as Rebbe in the town of Avrutch, but his father the Tzemach Tzedek was not pleased with this. According to another opinion, the reason he moved to Avrutch was to help his father-in-law and ease his financial burden. Another reason was also to save his sons from the decree imposed on the Tzemach Tzedek, who was forced to hand over two of his grandsons to the Haskalah movement's school in Lubavitch.


His leadership style followed the way of the Chernobyler Rebbes and not the Chabad approach. He would say only short "toiros" (Torah teachings) while sharing deep maamarim (discourses) with select individuals, but occasionally he would visit Lubavitch, where he would deliver long maamarim to those who eagerly awaited him.
In Tishrei 1877 he fell ill, and on [[18 Kislev]], 1877, he passed away. He is buried in Ovruch.


He was known as a miracle worker. And so it is written about him in the book "Beis Rebbi": "And Yosef was the ruler, even during the lifetime of his father our Rebbe. And he established his residence in the city of Avrutch, and there people would travel to him to receive from his mouth and seek from him spiritual and material advice. In Volhynia they told great stories about him and considered him a miracle worker... he would come at times to Lubavitch to drink from the well of living waters, and he would draw and give to anash (Chassidim) who were connected and attached to him..."
==Leadership==


After his passing, his son, Admor Rabbi Nachum Dov Ber Schneersohn, took his place. He passed away on the 8th of Tevet 5656. After his passing, his Chassidim scattered among the various Chernobyl Chassidic courts.
After his marriage, the Tzemach Tzedek wished for his son to settle in Lubavitch. His father-in-law, however, opposed this and wanted him appointed as Rebbe in Ovruch — in order to prevent descendants of Rabbi Aharon of Chernobyl, his father-in-law's brother, from taking hold of the rabbinate and chassidic leadership of the town.<ref>Bloy, ''Bnei HaTzemach Tzedek'', p. 204.</ref> Although this was difficult for him, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak ultimately accepted his father-in-law's proposal. At the age of thirty-six, in 1859, he assumed the role of Rebbe in Ovruch — a move his father the Tzemach Tzedek was not pleased with.<ref>''Igros Kodesh of the Tzemach Tzedek'' (1986 ed.), vol. 2, letter 4; (2013 ed.), letters 66–67, p. 146ff.</ref>


== Family ==
An additional reason given for the move was to help support his father-in-law financially.<ref>Bloy, ''Bnei HaTzemach Tzedek'', p. 201.</ref> A further consideration was the protection of his children from a decree imposed on the Tzemach Tzedek, who had been compelled to hand over several of his grandchildren to the [[Haskalah]] (Jewish Enlightenment movement) school that had been established in Lubavitch.<ref>''Sefer HaSichos 5700'' [Hebrew translation], p. 149ff.</ref>
 
Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak conducted himself in the manner of the [[Chernobyl]] Rebbes rather than in the Chabad style. He delivered brief ''toiros'' — short Torah teachings in the Chernobyl tradition — at his general chassidic gatherings, while reserving deeper Chassidus discourses (''maamarim'') for select individuals. Periodically he would visit Lubavitch, where he would deliver extended maamarim to those who sought him out.
 
He was known as a ''baal mofes'' — a Rebbe whose prayers and blessings were said to bring about wondrous results. The book ''[[Beis Rebbi]]'' — a classic historical work on the Chabad Rebbes — records of him:
 
<blockquote>''Yosef was the ruler'' — even during the lifetime of his father our teacher. He established his home in the city of Ovruch, and people traveled there to receive from him and to seek from him counsel both spiritual and material. In Volhynia they told great things of him and regarded him as a man of wonders… He would come at times to Lubavitch to drink from the well of living waters, and he would draw up and give drink to the chassidim who were bound and wrapped around him…</blockquote>
 
After his passing, his son Rabbi [[Nachum Dov Ber Schneersohn (grandson of the Tzemach Tzedek)|Nachum Dov Ber Schneersohn]] succeeded him as Rebbe of Ovruch. Rabbi Nachum Dov Ber passed away on [[8 Tevet]], 1896, after which his chassidim dispersed among the various [[Chernobyl]] dynasties.
 
==Family==
 
* Son: Rabbi [[Mordechai Shneur Zalman Schneersohn (grandson of the Tzemach Tzedek)|Mordechai Shneur Zalman]], rabbi in [[Zhytomyr]].
* Son: Rabbi [[Nachum Dov Ber Schneersohn (grandson of the Tzemach Tzedek)|Nachum Dov Ber]] of Ovruch, his successor.
* Son: Rabbi Aharon Moshe Schneersohn; married Sara Batya, daughter of his cousin Rabbi Meshulam Zusha Shapira of Tolomatch.<ref>A son-in-law of his grandfather Rabbi [[Yaakov Yisrael of Cherkasy]].</ref> Passed away at age twenty-one on Shushan Purim 1867.
** Son: Rabbi Nachum Zalman, rabbi in Cherkasy; married Rebbetzin Sterna Feiga, daughter of Rabbi [[Mordechai Dov Twersky of Hornistopil]], a descendant of the [[Mitteler Rebbe]].
*** Son: Rabbi Yisrael; married Rebbetzin Adel.<ref>Of the Orbach family.</ref>
*** Son: Rabbi Yosef Moshe; married Rebbetzin Nechama, daughter of Rabbi Shimon Alter Frankel-Teomim, rabbi of Podguzhe.
**** Son: Rabbi [[Boruch Shimon Schneersohn]], Rosh Yeshiva of Tchebin in [[Jerusalem]].
*** Son: R' Chaim; married Sonya.
*** Son: Rabbi Aharon Mendel (4 Tammuz 1886 – 29 Cheshvan 1960); married Chaya, daughter of his cousin Rabbi Chaim Moshe Tzvi Twersky of [[Rachmastrivka]], son of Rabbi [[Mordechai Dov Twersky of Hornistopil]], a descendant of the [[Mitteler Rebbe]].
*** Son: Rabbi Meshulam Zusha; married Devorah.
*** Daughter: Devorah Leah; married Rabbi Yitzchak Schneersohn, son of Rabbi Shneur Zalman Schneersohn, a descendant of the [[Tzemach Tzedek]].
*** Daughter: Chana; married R' Shlomo Shapira.
* Daughter: Rebbetzin [[Sterna Sara Schneersohn (wife of the Rebbe Rashab)|Sterna Sara]], wife of [[the Rebbe Rashab]] (Rabbi Shalom Dovber Schneersohn, the fifth Rebbe of Chabad).
* Daughter: Rebbetzin Sheina Bracha; married Rabbi Naftali Hertz Dolitska of Kamina.
** Son: R' Mordechai Ben Tzion (born 1881); married Pesya, daughter of Rabbi Aharon Perlmutter.
** Son: R' Shalom Noach (born 1888); married Hinda, daughter of Rabbi Yisrael Yaakov Hornstein.
** Daughter: Devorah Leah (born 14 Tevet 1885); married R' Shlomo HaKohen Hornstein.
** Daughter: Musya (5 Tevet 1887 – 16 Iyar 1953); married R' Shmuel Aba Shapira.
 
==External Links==
* [http://old2.ih.chabad.info/index.php?url=article_he&id=65243 The burial site of the son of the Tzemach Tzedek discovered] at Chabad Info (Hebrew)


* His son and successor is the Admor Rabbi Nachum Dovber.
* His son Rabbi Mordechai Shneur Zalman was known for his genius. At age 17, he was appointed as Rabbi of Zhitomir. He passed away at age 26, two weeks after the passing of his grandfather the Tzemach Tzedek. Despite his young age, he left behind many Torah innovations.
* His son Rabbi Aharon Moshe Schneerson married Sarah Batya, daughter of his uncle Rabbi Meshulam Zusha of Tlumatch. He passed away at age 21 on Shushan Purim 5627 (1867).
* His son Mordechai was born in Cherkasy.
* His son Rabbi Nachum Zalman Schneerson was the Av Beit Din in Cherkasy. The descendants of Rabbi Nachum Zalman and his wife Sterna-Feiga:
** Yaakov Yisrael. Born in Horynspol.
** Devorah. Born in Horynspol.
** Yosef. Born in Horynspol.
** Chaim. Married to Prima-Sarah. His son Aharon was born in Kiev.
** Shalom. Born in Cherkasy.
** Chana. Born in Cherkasy.
** Aharon-Mendel. Born in Cherkasy.
** Yitzchak. Born in Cherkasy.
** Elimelech. Born in Cherkasy.
** Yechiel-Michel. Born in Cherkasy.
** Avraham. Born in Cherkasy.
* His daughter Rebbetzin Sterna Sarah, wife of the Admor Rashab.
* His daughter Rebbetzin Sheina Bracha Dolitzka, wife of Rabbi Naftali Hertz Dolitzka of Kamina.
** Their son, Shalom Noach, born in 5648 (1888). Registered in Kovna 5669 (1909). Married to Hinda, daughter of Rabbi Yisrael Yaakov Hornstein.
** Their son, Mordechai Bentzion, born in 5641 (1881). Same. Married Pesya daughter of Rabbi Aharon Perlmutter in 5669 (1909). Vinnitsa.
** Their daughter Devorah Leah, wife of Rabbi Shlomo Hornstein.


[[Category:Beis HaRav]]
[[Category:Beis HaRav]]
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[[he:יוסף יצחק שניאורסון (בן אדמו"ר הצמח צדק)]]
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