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Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneerson (1814 - 4th of Teves 1880) was the third son of the Tzemach Tzedek. In 1866, when a dispute arose regarding who would succeed [[the Tzemach Tzedek]] in leading Chabad Chassidus, Rav Chaim Shneur Zalman traveled to the city of [[Lyadi]], where he lived for about a year until the chassidim of the town requested him to be their Rebbe. Thus, Chabad-Lyadi was established there.
==Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneersohn of Liadi==


== Life History ==
'''Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneersohn''' (1814–[[4 Tevet]], 1879) was the third son of the [[Tzemach Tzedek]] (Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, the third Rebbe of Chabad) and the founder of the [[Chabad-Liadi|Chabad-Liadi chassidic dynasty]].
Rav Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneerson was born in [[Lubavitch]] in 1814 to his father, the Tzemach Tzedek, and his mother, [[Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka Schneerson (Wife of the Tzemach Tzedek)|Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka]]. He was their third son and was born one year after the histalkus of [[the Alter Rebbe]], after whom he was named (the name 'Chaim' was added during his childhood due to illness). He married Rebbetzin Chaya, daughter of Rav Yeshaya HaLevi.


After the histalkus of his father, the Tzemach Tzedek, he remained in Lubavitch for three years, and in 1869 he relocated to the city of Lyadi, where he served as Rebbe for eleven years under the name "Chabad-Lyadi." Upon arriving in Lyadi, he said: "And the fourth generation shall return here..." (he was the fourth generation from the Alter Rebbe who had lived in Lyadi).
Following the passing of his father, the Tzemach Tzedek, in 1866, a dispute arose among the Tzemach Tzedek's sons over the succession of Chabad leadership — each son drawing followers in his own community. Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman traveled to the town of [[Liadi]] (in present-day Belarus), where he resided for approximately a year until the local chassidim asked him to serve as their Rebbe. In this way the Chabad-Liadi branch of the movement was established.


On the 4th of Teves 1880, he was nistalek and was laid to rest in Lyadi.
==Biography==


In Beis Rebbi, it is written about him and his similarities to his grandfather - the Alter Rebbe, noting that he was born in the first year after the Alter Rebbe's histalkus and was named after him. He also lived in Lyadi for eleven years - like the Alter Rebbe, passed away at age 66 - like the Alter Rebbe, and his date of passing was also in the month of Teves - like the Alter Rebbe.
Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneersohn was born in [[Lubavitch]] in 1814 to the [[Tzemach Tzedek]] and his wife [[Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka (wife of the Tzemach Tzedek)|Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka]]. He was born the year following the [[histalkus]] (passing) of the [[Alter Rebbe]] (Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi, the founder of Chabad) and was named in his honor. The name "Chaim" was added in his childhood following an illness.<ref>In the first edition of the Tehillim commentary ''[[Yahel Or]]'' (Poltava, 1918), printed by Rabbi Chaim Eliezer Bichovksy and Rabbi Chaim Meir Hillman — both chassidim of Chabad-Liadi — the following story is related in the introduction: "Once the third son of the Rebbe [the Tzemach Tzedek] (who later became the Rebbe of Liadi) fell gravely ill, and the doctors despaired of his recovery. The Rebbetzin came to the Rebbe and said: 'Our son R' Zalman is in danger, and you are silent!' He immediately took his Tehillim, went to the sick child's room, sat beside him and recited several chapters of Tehillim, shedding tears. He then turned to his ill son and said: 'There are accusations against you Above that you do not pray with sufficient length and attention — therefore accept upon yourself to be careful in this, and you will recover.' He accepted this upon himself. The name Chaim was then added to his name, and through all of this he was healed."</ref>


After his passing, the chassidus split into two groups, with the majority of chassidim accepting the leadership of his son, R' Yitzchak DovBer Schneerson, author of Siddur Maharid, while some chassidim accepted the leadership of his brother-in-law Rav Levi Yitzchak of Siratin (a descendant of the Rebbes of Radzimin in Poland, who had joined Chabad chassidus) who moved the center of the chassidus to his city of Siratin. However, at the end of his life, he moved to Warsaw, Poland, where he passed away in 1905. After the passing of the Maharid, there was no successor to the chassidus, and most followers transferred their allegiance to the Rebbe Rashab.
He married Rebbetzin Chaya, daughter of Rabbi Yeshaya HaLevi.


== Family ==
After his father's [[histalkus]], Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman remained in Lubavitch for three years. In 1869 he relocated to Liadi, where he led the chassidic community for eleven years under the name "Chabad-Liadi." Upon his arrival in Liadi, he quoted the verse: ''"And the fourth generation shall return here"'' (Genesis 15:16) — for he was the fourth generation descended from the Alter Rebbe, who had himself lived in Liadi.


* His son, Rabbi Yitzchak DovBer Schneerson
Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman passed away on [[4 Tevet]], 1879, and is buried in Liadi.
* His daughter, Sterna Schneerson, who was the first wife of the Rebbe Maharash
* His daughter, Mrs. Rada, who was married first to R' Shneur Schneerson, son of his brother Rabbi Yaakov Schneerson, and in her second marriage to Rabbi Levi Yitzchak of Siratin


== See Also ==
The book ''[[Beis Rebbi]]'' — a classic historical work on the Chabad Rebbes — notes a number of striking parallels between Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman and his great-grandfather the Alter Rebbe: he was born the year after the Alter Rebbe's passing and named for him; he resided in Liadi for eleven years, as the Alter Rebbe had; he passed away at the age of sixty-six, as did the Alter Rebbe; and his passing likewise occurred in the month of [[Tevet]].


* Michtav L'Rebbi (Nigun)
==Successors==
 
After his passing, the Chabad-Liadi community divided. The majority of his chassidim accepted the leadership of his son, Rabbi [[Yitzchak Dov Ber Schneersohn]], author of the [[Siddur Maharid]]. A smaller group accepted the leadership of his son-in-law, Rabbi [[Levi Yitzchak of Siratchin]] — a descendant of the Rebbes of [[Radzimin]] in Poland who had become a Chabad chassid — who transferred the center of the chassidic community to his town of Siratchin. In his final years, Rabbi Levi Yitzchak moved to Warsaw, where he passed away in 1905. After the passing of the Maharid (Rabbi Yitzchak Dov Ber), the Liadi dynasty had no further successor, and most of its chassidim subsequently accepted the leadership of [[Rebbe Rashab|the Rebbe Rashab]] (Rabbi Shalom Dovber Schneersohn, the fifth Rebbe of Chabad).
 
==Family==
 
* Son: Rabbi [[Yitzchak Dov Ber Schneersohn]]
* Daughter: [[Sterna Schneersohn]], first wife of [[the Maharash]] (Rabbi Shmuel Schneersohn, the fourth Rebbe of Chabad)
* Daughter: Rada,<ref>From documents in the Agudas Chassidei Chabad archive (''Igros Kodesh'' of the Tzemach Tzedek, p. 122).</ref> who married first Rabbi [[Shneur Schneersohn]] — son of her uncle Rabbi [[Yaakov Schneersohn]] — and secondly Rabbi [[Levi Yitzchak of Siratchin]]
 
==See also==
* [[Michtav LaRebbe (niggun)|Michtav LaRebbe (melody)]]
 
== References ==
[[Category:Beis HaRav]]
[[he:חיים שניאור זלמן שניאורסון (בן אדמו"ר הצמח צדק)]]

Latest revision as of 14:20, 8 June 2026

Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneersohn of Liadi[edit | edit source]

Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneersohn (1814–4 Tevet, 1879) was the third son of the Tzemach Tzedek (Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, the third Rebbe of Chabad) and the founder of the Chabad-Liadi chassidic dynasty.

Following the passing of his father, the Tzemach Tzedek, in 1866, a dispute arose among the Tzemach Tzedek's sons over the succession of Chabad leadership — each son drawing followers in his own community. Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman traveled to the town of Liadi (in present-day Belarus), where he resided for approximately a year until the local chassidim asked him to serve as their Rebbe. In this way the Chabad-Liadi branch of the movement was established.

Biography[edit | edit source]

Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman Schneersohn was born in Lubavitch in 1814 to the Tzemach Tzedek and his wife Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka. He was born the year following the histalkus (passing) of the Alter Rebbe (Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi, the founder of Chabad) and was named in his honor. The name "Chaim" was added in his childhood following an illness.[1]

He married Rebbetzin Chaya, daughter of Rabbi Yeshaya HaLevi.

After his father's histalkus, Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman remained in Lubavitch for three years. In 1869 he relocated to Liadi, where he led the chassidic community for eleven years under the name "Chabad-Liadi." Upon his arrival in Liadi, he quoted the verse: "And the fourth generation shall return here" (Genesis 15:16) — for he was the fourth generation descended from the Alter Rebbe, who had himself lived in Liadi.

Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman passed away on 4 Tevet, 1879, and is buried in Liadi.

The book Beis Rebbi — a classic historical work on the Chabad Rebbes — notes a number of striking parallels between Rabbi Chaim Shneur Zalman and his great-grandfather the Alter Rebbe: he was born the year after the Alter Rebbe's passing and named for him; he resided in Liadi for eleven years, as the Alter Rebbe had; he passed away at the age of sixty-six, as did the Alter Rebbe; and his passing likewise occurred in the month of Tevet.

Successors[edit | edit source]

After his passing, the Chabad-Liadi community divided. The majority of his chassidim accepted the leadership of his son, Rabbi Yitzchak Dov Ber Schneersohn, author of the Siddur Maharid. A smaller group accepted the leadership of his son-in-law, Rabbi Levi Yitzchak of Siratchin — a descendant of the Rebbes of Radzimin in Poland who had become a Chabad chassid — who transferred the center of the chassidic community to his town of Siratchin. In his final years, Rabbi Levi Yitzchak moved to Warsaw, where he passed away in 1905. After the passing of the Maharid (Rabbi Yitzchak Dov Ber), the Liadi dynasty had no further successor, and most of its chassidim subsequently accepted the leadership of the Rebbe Rashab (Rabbi Shalom Dovber Schneersohn, the fifth Rebbe of Chabad).

Family[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ In the first edition of the Tehillim commentary Yahel Or (Poltava, 1918), printed by Rabbi Chaim Eliezer Bichovksy and Rabbi Chaim Meir Hillman — both chassidim of Chabad-Liadi — the following story is related in the introduction: "Once the third son of the Rebbe [the Tzemach Tzedek] (who later became the Rebbe of Liadi) fell gravely ill, and the doctors despaired of his recovery. The Rebbetzin came to the Rebbe and said: 'Our son R' Zalman is in danger, and you are silent!' He immediately took his Tehillim, went to the sick child's room, sat beside him and recited several chapters of Tehillim, shedding tears. He then turned to his ill son and said: 'There are accusations against you Above that you do not pray with sufficient length and attention — therefore accept upon yourself to be careful in this, and you will recover.' He accepted this upon himself. The name Chaim was then added to his name, and through all of this he was healed."
  2. ↑ From documents in the Agudas Chassidei Chabad archive (Igros Kodesh of the Tzemach Tzedek, p. 122).
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