Kabbalah - Revision history

ר.ז.: /* In the Period of the Rishonim */

2025-07-28T19:53:23Z

In the Period of the Rishonim

200.12.168.32 at 19:39, 28 July 2025

2025-07-28T19:39:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:39, 28 July 2025
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	When Rabbi Yechezkel Ashlag passed before the Rebbe during dollar distribution and asked him to sign a proclamation that all Jewish people should study Kabbalah to bring the redemption - the Rebbe responded that it's accepted in Chabad that Chabad Chassidus is built on Kabbalistic foundations, but in a method of Chochmah, Binah, Daas, and therefore one who studies Chabad teachings also learns Kabbalah. When the Rav repeated his request, the Rebbe replied that as a grandson of the Alter Rebbe, he cannot sign a note saying one needs to study Kabbalah, as it might imply that one doesn't fulfill their obligation through Chabad teachings. When the Rav brought proof from the Alter Rebbe's language that writes "the Baal Shem Tov's words according to the Arizal's Kabbalah," suggesting that learning Chassidus isn't actually Kabbalah, the Rebbe responded that since the Alter Rebbe writes explicitly in another Igeres HaKodesh, he couldn't have contradicted himself elsewhere.		When Rabbi Yechezkel Ashlag passed before the Rebbe during dollar distribution and asked him to sign a proclamation that all Jewish people should study Kabbalah to bring the redemption - the Rebbe responded that it's accepted in Chabad that Chabad Chassidus is built on Kabbalistic foundations, but in a method of Chochmah, Binah, Daas, and therefore one who studies Chabad teachings also learns Kabbalah. When the Rav repeated his request, the Rebbe replied that as a grandson of the Alter Rebbe, he cannot sign a note saying one needs to study Kabbalah, as it might imply that one doesn't fulfill their obligation through Chabad teachings. When the Rav brought proof from the Alter Rebbe's language that writes "the Baal Shem Tov's words according to the Arizal's Kabbalah," suggesting that learning Chassidus isn't actually Kabbalah, the Rebbe responded that since the Alter Rebbe writes explicitly in another Igeres HaKodesh, he couldn't have contradicted himself elsewhere.
	[[File:האדמו"ר מאשלג.JPG\|thumb\|Rabbi Yechezkel Ashlag Discusses Learning Kabbalah with the Rebbe During Dollars Distribution (30 Shevat 5750/1990)]]		[[File:האדמו"ר מאשלג.JPG\|thumb\|[[Yechezkel Ashlag\|Rabbi Yechezkel Ashlag]] Discusses Learning Kabbalah with [[The Rebbe's House\|the Rebbe]] During [[Dollars]] Distribution (30 Shevat 5750/1990)]]
	Nevertheless, there were Chabad Chassidim in the past who also engaged directly in studying Kabbalah. Particularly known was the Gaon and Chassid Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, the Rebbe's father (who wrote many books based on Kabbalah, of which only a few reached us). Also known as an expert in Kabbalah was Rabbi Menachem Zev Greenglass, who was a mashpia in Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim Montreal, Canada, and may he be separated for life, Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh, head of Od Yosef Chai Yeshiva.		Nevertheless, there were Chabad Chassidim in the past who also engaged directly in studying Kabbalah. Particularly known was the Gaon and Chassid Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, the Rebbe's father (who wrote many books based on Kabbalah, of which only a few reached us). Also known as an expert in Kabbalah was Rabbi Menachem Zev Greenglass, who was a mashpia in Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim Montreal, Canada, and may he be separated for life, Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh, head of Od Yosef Chai Yeshiva.

	== For Further Reading: ==		== For Further Reading: ==
	Menachem Bronfman, The Kabbalists and the Rebbe, Kfar Chabad Weekly Issue 1926 page 123		Menachem Bronfman, The Kabbalists and the Rebbe, Kfar Chabad Weekly Issue 1926 page 123

			== External Links ==



			* [https://www.chabad.org/kabbalah/default_cdo/jewish/Kabbalah-Online.htm Kabbalah-Online]

			== References ==
	[[he:תורת הקבלה]]		[[he:תורת הקבלה]]

ZalmanR at 05:02, 17 July 2025

2025-07-17T05:02:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:02, 17 July 2025
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	== For Further Reading: ==		== For Further Reading: ==
	Menachem Bronfman, The Kabbalists and the Rebbe, Kfar Chabad Weekly Issue 1926 page 123		Menachem Bronfman, The Kabbalists and the Rebbe, Kfar Chabad Weekly Issue 1926 page 123
			[[he:תורת הקבלה]]

Raphaelwilmowsky at 18:40, 23 March 2025

2025-03-23T18:40:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:40, 23 March 2025
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	[[File:תרשים עשר ספירות עם צבעים.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:תרשים עשר ספירות עם צבעים.jpg\|thumb\|Diagram of the Ten Sefirot, among the fundamental concepts in Kabbalah]]
	Kabbalah is the secret part of Torah, also called Toras HaSod (the Secret Torah), Toras HaNistar (the Hidden Torah), or Pnimiyus HaTorah (the Inner Torah). Kabbalah deals with the relationship between Hakadosh Baruch Hu and the world, the order of spiritual worlds' descent, the Sefiros and angels, and explains the inner meaning of Torah verses and mitzvos. Kabbalah has a tremendous influence on Jewish spiritual life. Among other things, Kabbalah's influence is evident in halachos, customs, and the prayer text of most Jewish circles, as well as on the Chassidic movement and teachings, [[mussar]] literature, and more.		Kabbalah is the secret part of Torah, also called Toras HaSod (the Secret Torah), Toras HaNistar (the Hidden Torah), or Pnimiyus HaTorah (the Inner Torah). Kabbalah deals with the relationship between Hakadosh Baruch Hu and the world, the order of spiritual worlds' descent, the Sefiros and angels, and explains the inner meaning of Torah verses and mitzvos. Kabbalah has a tremendous influence on Jewish spiritual life. Among other things, Kabbalah's influence is evident in halachos, customs, and the prayer text of most Jewish circles, as well as on the Chassidic movement and teachings, [[mussar]] literature, and more.

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	==== The Kabbalists of Tzfas ====		==== The Kabbalists of Tzfas ====
	Kabbalah received extensive attention among the sages of Tzfas during the fourth century of the sixth millennium (the 1500s). Among the most famous were Rabbi Moshe Alshich, Rabbi Shlomo Alkabetz, and the Radbaz. During that period, Rabbi Moshe Cordovero, the Ramak, lived and worked, teaching many students Kabbalah. In his great work Pardes Rimonim, he organized the approaches of earlier Kabbalists, summarized and decided between them, and explained his approach to Kabbalah.		Kabbalah received extensive attention among the sages of Tzfas during the fourth century of the sixth millennium (the 1500s). Among the most famous were Rabbi Moshe Alshich, Rabbi Shlomo Alkabetz, and the Radbaz. During that period, Rabbi Moshe Cordovero, the Ramak, lived and worked, teaching many students Kabbalah. In his great work Pardes Rimonim, he organized the approaches of earlier Kabbalists, summarized and decided between them, and explained his approach to Kabbalah.
	[[File:ציון האריזל.JPG\|thumb]]		[[File:ציון האריזל.JPG\|thumb\|Gravesites of the great Kabbalists in the Tzfat cemetery: The holy Arizal Rabbi Isaac Luria, Rabbi Shlomo Alkabetz, Rabbi Moshe Cordovero, and Rabbi Yosef of Trani 'The Mabit']]
	The greatest influence on the transmission of Kabbalah was Rabbi Yitzchak Luria, the Arizal, who moved from Egypt to Tzfas in 5330 (1570) and during the two years until his passing in 5332 (1572) established a group of students (called "the Arizal's cubs") to whom he transmitted his secrets. After his passing, his greatest student, Rabbi Chaim Vital, organized and arranged his teachings, and he is the primary writer of the Arizal's writings. The Arizal's system of Kabbalah spread throughout all Jewish communities and became the central approach to Kabbalah until today, among Sephardic Kabbalists, Lithuanian scholars, and Chassidim.		The greatest influence on the transmission of Kabbalah was Rabbi Yitzchak Luria, the Arizal, who moved from Egypt to Tzfas in 5330 (1570) and during the two years until his passing in 5332 (1572) established a group of students (called "the Arizal's cubs") to whom he transmitted his secrets. After his passing, his greatest student, Rabbi Chaim Vital, organized and arranged his teachings, and he is the primary writer of the Arizal's writings. The Arizal's system of Kabbalah spread throughout all Jewish communities and became the central approach to Kabbalah until today, among Sephardic Kabbalists, Lithuanian scholars, and Chassidim.
	[[File:פרי עץ חיים.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:פרי עץ חיים.jpg\|thumb\|Title Page of 'Pri Etz Chaim' from the Writings of the Arizal, Dubrovna, 5564/1804]]
	Despite the importance of the Ramak's Kabbalah and its great influence on Kabbalah until today, the Arizal's Kabbalah is the more primary approach. Rabbi Chaim Vital testified that after the passing of his teachers, the Ramak and the Arizal, the Ramak appeared to him and revealed that although both Kabbalistic approaches are true, nevertheless "my way is according to the simple understanding for beginners in Kabbalah wisdom, while your teacher's [the Arizal's] way is inner and primary, and even I now in heaven only study according to your teacher's way." In Chassidus it was explained that the difference between the approaches is that "the Ramak's Kabbalah deals with the Sefiros of Tohu (matters of Tohu within Tikkun itself), while the Arizal's Kabbalah deals with Tikkun"; the Ramak's Kabbalah is also true, but the Arizal's Kabbalah is absolute truth, and wherever Kabbalists disagree, the decision follows his approach.		Despite the importance of the Ramak's Kabbalah and its great influence on Kabbalah until today, the Arizal's Kabbalah is the more primary approach. Rabbi Chaim Vital testified that after the passing of his teachers, the Ramak and the Arizal, the Ramak appeared to him and revealed that although both Kabbalistic approaches are true, nevertheless "my way is according to the simple understanding for beginners in Kabbalah wisdom, while your teacher's [the Arizal's] way is inner and primary, and even I now in heaven only study according to your teacher's way." In Chassidus it was explained that the difference between the approaches is that "the Ramak's Kabbalah deals with the Sefiros of Tohu (matters of Tohu within Tikkun itself), while the Arizal's Kabbalah deals with Tikkun"; the Ramak's Kabbalah is also true, but the Arizal's Kabbalah is absolute truth, and wherever Kabbalists disagree, the decision follows his approach.

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	When Rabbi Yechezkel Ashlag passed before the Rebbe during dollar distribution and asked him to sign a proclamation that all Jewish people should study Kabbalah to bring the redemption - the Rebbe responded that it's accepted in Chabad that Chabad Chassidus is built on Kabbalistic foundations, but in a method of Chochmah, Binah, Daas, and therefore one who studies Chabad teachings also learns Kabbalah. When the Rav repeated his request, the Rebbe replied that as a grandson of the Alter Rebbe, he cannot sign a note saying one needs to study Kabbalah, as it might imply that one doesn't fulfill their obligation through Chabad teachings. When the Rav brought proof from the Alter Rebbe's language that writes "the Baal Shem Tov's words according to the Arizal's Kabbalah," suggesting that learning Chassidus isn't actually Kabbalah, the Rebbe responded that since the Alter Rebbe writes explicitly in another Igeres HaKodesh, he couldn't have contradicted himself elsewhere.		When Rabbi Yechezkel Ashlag passed before the Rebbe during dollar distribution and asked him to sign a proclamation that all Jewish people should study Kabbalah to bring the redemption - the Rebbe responded that it's accepted in Chabad that Chabad Chassidus is built on Kabbalistic foundations, but in a method of Chochmah, Binah, Daas, and therefore one who studies Chabad teachings also learns Kabbalah. When the Rav repeated his request, the Rebbe replied that as a grandson of the Alter Rebbe, he cannot sign a note saying one needs to study Kabbalah, as it might imply that one doesn't fulfill their obligation through Chabad teachings. When the Rav brought proof from the Alter Rebbe's language that writes "the Baal Shem Tov's words according to the Arizal's Kabbalah," suggesting that learning Chassidus isn't actually Kabbalah, the Rebbe responded that since the Alter Rebbe writes explicitly in another Igeres HaKodesh, he couldn't have contradicted himself elsewhere.
	[[File:האדמו"ר מאשלג.JPG\|thumb]]		[[File:האדמו"ר מאשלג.JPG\|thumb\|Rabbi Yechezkel Ashlag Discusses Learning Kabbalah with the Rebbe During Dollars Distribution (30 Shevat 5750/1990)]]
	Nevertheless, there were Chabad Chassidim in the past who also engaged directly in studying Kabbalah. Particularly known was the Gaon and Chassid Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, the Rebbe's father (who wrote many books based on Kabbalah, of which only a few reached us). Also known as an expert in Kabbalah was Rabbi Menachem Zev Greenglass, who was a mashpia in Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim Montreal, Canada, and may he be separated for life, Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh, head of Od Yosef Chai Yeshiva.		Nevertheless, there were Chabad Chassidim in the past who also engaged directly in studying Kabbalah. Particularly known was the Gaon and Chassid Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, the Rebbe's father (who wrote many books based on Kabbalah, of which only a few reached us). Also known as an expert in Kabbalah was Rabbi Menachem Zev Greenglass, who was a mashpia in Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim Montreal, Canada, and may he be separated for life, Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh, head of Od Yosef Chai Yeshiva.

	== For Further Reading: ==		== For Further Reading: ==
	Menachem Bronfman, The Kabbalists and the Rebbe, Kfar Chabad Weekly Issue 1926 page 123		Menachem Bronfman, The Kabbalists and the Rebbe, Kfar Chabad Weekly Issue 1926 page 123

Raphaelwilmowsky at 18:38, 23 March 2025

2025-03-23T18:38:30Z

104.148.209.107: /* For Further Reading: */

2025-03-06T04:42:11Z

For Further Reading:

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:42, 6 March 2025
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	Nevertheless, there were Chabad Chassidim in the past who also engaged directly in studying Kabbalah. Particularly known was the Gaon and Chassid Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, the Rebbe's father (who wrote many books based on Kabbalah, of which only a few reached us). Also known as an expert in Kabbalah was Rabbi Menachem Zev Greenglass, who was a mashpia in Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim Montreal, Canada, and may he be separated for life, Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh, head of Od Yosef Chai Yeshiva.		Nevertheless, there were Chabad Chassidim in the past who also engaged directly in studying Kabbalah. Particularly known was the Gaon and Chassid Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, the Rebbe's father (who wrote many books based on Kabbalah, of which only a few reached us). Also known as an expert in Kabbalah was Rabbi Menachem Zev Greenglass, who was a mashpia in Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim Montreal, Canada, and may he be separated for life, Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh, head of Od Yosef Chai Yeshiva.

	=== For Further Reading: ===		== For Further Reading: ==
	Menachem Bronfman, The Kabbalists and the Rebbe, Kfar Chabad Weekly Issue 1926 page 123		Menachem Bronfman, The Kabbalists and the Rebbe, Kfar Chabad Weekly Issue 1926 page 123

104.148.209.107 at 04:41, 6 March 2025

2025-03-06T04:41:23Z

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	Throughout the generations, Kabbalah was studied by select individuals, and most Torah scholars did not engage in it. There are many reservations, both in halacha and in Kabbalah itself, about studying this Torah for those who are not spiritually worthy. The study of Kabbalah became more widespread in the time of the [[The Arizal\|Arizal]], who wrote: "Specifically in these later generations, it is permitted and a mitzvah to reveal this wisdom."		Throughout the generations, Kabbalah was studied by select individuals, and most Torah scholars did not engage in it. There are many reservations, both in halacha and in Kabbalah itself, about studying this Torah for those who are not spiritually worthy. The study of Kabbalah became more widespread in the time of the [[The Arizal\|Arizal]], who wrote: "Specifically in these later generations, it is permitted and a mitzvah to reveal this wisdom."

	Toras HaChassidus, revealed by [[the Baal Shem Tov]], includes many foundations from Kabbalah, and many sections in Chassidic maamarim explain Kabbalistic concepts. However, the Chassidic leaders did not encourage systematic study of Kabbalah for the masses, but rather explained that through learning Chassidus one also fulfills the obligation to study Kabbalah, and moreover, this study ensures the learner won't err in understanding Kabbalistic concepts.		[[Toras HaChassidus]], revealed by [[the Baal Shem Tov]], includes many foundations from Kabbalah, and many sections in Chassidic maamarim explain Kabbalistic concepts. However, the Chassidic leaders did not encourage systematic study of Kabbalah for the masses, but rather explained that through learning Chassidus one also fulfills the obligation to study Kabbalah, and moreover, this study ensures the learner won't err in understanding Kabbalistic concepts.

	== History of Kabbalah ==		== History of Kabbalah ==
	Throughout the generations, Kabbalah was transmitted, as its name implies, through receiving from person to person. Many Jewish leaders knew it, though we don't know about all of them, since engagement in these matters was kept secret. The first known book in Kabbalah is Sefer Yetzirah, attributed to Avraham Avinu (though it may have been written down in later generations). Among the prophets, there are prophecies describing Hashem's glory that belong to the secret part of Torah, in the books of Yeshayahu and Yechezkel, called Maaseh Merkavah. Chazal placed severe restrictions on engaging with these secrets, and even among the Tannaim and Amoraim, not all engaged with them.		Throughout the generations, Kabbalah was transmitted, as its name implies, through receiving from person to person. Many Jewish leaders knew it, though we don't know about all of them, since engagement in these matters was kept secret. The first known book in Kabbalah is [[Sefer Yetzirah]], attributed to [[Avraham Avinu]] (though it may have been written down in later generations). Among the prophets, there are prophecies describing Hashem's glory that belong to the secret part of Torah, in the books of Yeshayahu and Yechezkel, called Maaseh Merkavah. Chazal placed severe restrictions on engaging with these secrets, and even among the Tannaim and Amoraim, not all engaged with them.

	== In the Period of the Tannaim ==		== In the Period of the Tannaim ==
	There were several Tannaim known for engaging in Toras HaSod. Among them were Rabbi Nechunya ben Hakanah, to whom several works in Toras HaSod are attributed: Sefer Hakanah, Sefer HaBahir, Sefer HaPliah, and Sefer HaTemunah; as well as Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva, to whom Pirkei Heichalos and others are attributed. The central figure among the Tannaim who engaged in Toras HaSod was Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, who together with his son Rabbi Elazar and other Tannaim from his group composed the Zohar. This book was hidden for over a thousand years (though some Geonim and Rishonim may have known it), and was revealed in the first century of the sixth millennium by the Kabbalist Rabbi Moshe de Leon. Since its publication, the book became a foundational text of Kabbalah, and many Kabbalistic writings are based on it.		There were several [[Tannaim]] known for engaging in Toras HaSod. Among them were Rabbi Nechunya ben Hakanah, to whom several works in Toras HaSod are attributed: Sefer Hakanah, Sefer HaBahir, Sefer HaPliah, and Sefer HaTemunah; as well as Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva, to whom Pirkei Heichalos and others are attributed. The central figure among the Tannaim who engaged in Toras HaSod was Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, who together with his son Rabbi Elazar and other Tannaim from his group composed the Zohar. This book was hidden for over a thousand years (though some Geonim and Rishonim may have known it), and was revealed in the first century of the sixth millennium by the Kabbalist Rabbi Moshe de Leon. Since its publication, the book became a foundational text of Kabbalah, and many Kabbalistic writings are based on it.

	== In the Period of the Rishonim ==		== In the Period of the Rishonim ==

Raphaelwilmowsky at 03:40, 26 February 2025

2025-02-26T03:40:27Z

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	== Learning Kabbalah Through Learning Chassidus ==		== Learning Kabbalah Through Learning Chassidus ==
	In the revelation of Chassidus, the possibility emerged for every Jew to study the inner part of Torah as in Kabbalah, but without the restrictions that apply to this study. Therefore, in our generation, the obligation to study Pnimiyus HaTorah, and the fulfillment of the Arizal's words that in these generations it's a mitzvah to reveal Kabbalah wisdom, applies to studying Chassidus. In many of his letters, the Rebbe bases the obligation to study Chassidus on this halachic requirement and on these words of the Arizal.		In the revelation of Chassidus, the possibility emerged for every Jew to study the inner part of Torah as in Kabbalah, but without the restrictions that apply to this study. Therefore, in our generation, the obligation to study Pnimiyus HaTorah, and the fulfillment of the Arizal's words that in these generations it's a mitzvah to reveal Kabbalah wisdom, applies to studying Chassidus. In many of his letters, the Rebbe bases the obligation to study Chassidus on this halachic requirement and on these words of the Arizal<ref>See for example Igros Kodesh Volume 3, letter 510. Volume 7, letter 2150. Volume 15, letter 5702. And many others.</ref>.

	Two explanations are given for why specifically in recent generations Chassidus was revealed, allowing the study of Pnimiyus HaTorah without the restrictions related to Kabbalah: a) Because of the increased darkness in these generations of the footsteps of Moshiach, there is a necessity for a special power from Torah to overcome the darkness and awaken in divine service. b) Because of the approaching arrival of Moshiach when the whole world will engage in knowledge of Hashem, and there is a need to prepare for this.		Two explanations are given for why specifically in recent generations Chassidus was revealed, allowing the study of Pnimiyus HaTorah without the restrictions related to Kabbalah: a) Because of the increased darkness in these generations of the footsteps of Moshiach, there is a necessity for a special power from Torah to overcome the darkness and awaken in divine service. b) Because of the approaching arrival of Moshiach when the whole world will engage in knowledge of Hashem, and there is a need to prepare for this.

Raphaelwilmowsky at 03:38, 26 February 2025

2025-02-26T03:38:05Z

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	The Alter Rebbe's maamarim are mostly built on the simple meaning, with little Kabbalah (from Kabbalistic teachings found in books). The little that appears in his maamarim is understandable to those who have studied some Kabbalistic books, and their purpose in the maamarim is to add love and fear of Hashem to the learner.		The Alter Rebbe's maamarim are mostly built on the simple meaning, with little Kabbalah (from Kabbalistic teachings found in books). The little that appears in his maamarim is understandable to those who have studied some Kabbalistic books, and their purpose in the maamarim is to add love and fear of Hashem to the learner.

	In contrast, in the Mitteler Rebbe's maamarim, Kabbalah is not quoted at all.		In contrast, in [[the Mitteler Rebbe]]'s maamarim, Kabbalah is not quoted at all<ref>Accounts and Stories from the the Rebbe Rashab - Rabash p. 16</ref>.

	When [[the Rebbe Maharash]] praised the maamarim of Reb Aizik of Homil, he expressed that every one of Reb Aizik's analogies has a source in Kabbalah.		When [[the Rebbe Maharash]] praised the maamarim of Reb Aizik of Homil, he expressed that every one of Reb Aizik's analogies has a source in Kabbalah.

Raphaelwilmowsky at 03:34, 26 February 2025

2025-02-26T03:34:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:34, 25 February 2025
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	== Kabbalah and Chassidus ==		== Kabbalah and Chassidus ==
	Toras HaChassidus, which was revealed by the Baal Shem Tov, includes many foundations from Kabbalah. Many Chassidic customs are based on Kabbalah, and the Chassidic prayer text follows the Arizal's version.		[[Toras HaChassidus]], which was revealed by [[the Baal Shem Tov]], includes many foundations from Kabbalah. Many Chassidic customs are based on Kabbalah, and the Chassidic prayer text follows the Arizal's version.

	The Baal Shem Tov's teachings frequently quote from Kabbalah, especially from the Arizal's writings.		The Baal Shem Tov's teachings frequently quote from Kabbalah, especially from the Arizal's writings.
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	In contrast, in the Mitteler Rebbe's maamarim, Kabbalah is not quoted at all.		In contrast, in the Mitteler Rebbe's maamarim, Kabbalah is not quoted at all.

	When the Rebbe Maharash praised the maamarim of Reb Aizik of Homil, he expressed that every one of Reb Aizik's analogies has a source in Kabbalah.		When [[the Rebbe Maharash]] praised the maamarim of Reb Aizik of Homil, he expressed that every one of Reb Aizik's analogies has a source in Kabbalah.

	In 1947, when Rabbi Tzvi Hirsh Fogelman told the Rebbe about a Kabbalist specializing in face reading and palm reading, the Rebbe responded with surprise and noted that when a Chassidic young man meets a Kabbalist, the young man should ask the Kabbalist if he knows about the concepts of Atik and Arich, and about Chassidus. The Rebbe then told Rabbi Fogelman that the Frierdiker Rebbe dealt with such Kabbalists and practical Kabbalah, and the Rebbe also inquired about the address of the Kabbalist whom Rabbi Fogelman met.		In 1947, when Rabbi Tzvi Hirsh Fogelman told the Rebbe about a Kabbalist specializing in face reading and palm reading, the Rebbe responded with surprise and noted that when a Chassidic young man meets a Kabbalist, the young man should ask the Kabbalist if he knows about the concepts of Atik and Arich, and about Chassidus. The Rebbe then told Rabbi Fogelman that the Frierdiker Rebbe dealt with such Kabbalists and practical Kabbalah, and the Rebbe also inquired about the address of the Kabbalist whom Rabbi Fogelman met.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:38, 23 March 2025
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			[[File:תרשים עשר ספירות עם צבעים.jpg\|thumb]]
	Kabbalah is the secret part of Torah, also called Toras HaSod (the Secret Torah), Toras HaNistar (the Hidden Torah), or Pnimiyus HaTorah (the Inner Torah). Kabbalah deals with the relationship between Hakadosh Baruch Hu and the world, the order of spiritual worlds' descent, the Sefiros and angels, and explains the inner meaning of Torah verses and mitzvos. Kabbalah has a tremendous influence on Jewish spiritual life. Among other things, Kabbalah's influence is evident in halachos, customs, and the prayer text of most Jewish circles, as well as on the Chassidic movement and teachings, [[mussar]] literature, and more.		Kabbalah is the secret part of Torah, also called Toras HaSod (the Secret Torah), Toras HaNistar (the Hidden Torah), or Pnimiyus HaTorah (the Inner Torah). Kabbalah deals with the relationship between Hakadosh Baruch Hu and the world, the order of spiritual worlds' descent, the Sefiros and angels, and explains the inner meaning of Torah verses and mitzvos. Kabbalah has a tremendous influence on Jewish spiritual life. Among other things, Kabbalah's influence is evident in halachos, customs, and the prayer text of most Jewish circles, as well as on the Chassidic movement and teachings, [[mussar]] literature, and more.

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	Throughout the generations, Kabbalah was transmitted, as its name implies, through receiving from person to person. Many Jewish leaders knew it, though we don't know about all of them, since engagement in these matters was kept secret. The first known book in Kabbalah is [[Sefer Yetzirah]], attributed to [[Avraham Avinu]] (though it may have been written down in later generations). Among the prophets, there are prophecies describing Hashem's glory that belong to the secret part of Torah, in the books of Yeshayahu and Yechezkel, called Maaseh Merkavah. Chazal placed severe restrictions on engaging with these secrets, and even among the Tannaim and Amoraim, not all engaged with them.		Throughout the generations, Kabbalah was transmitted, as its name implies, through receiving from person to person. Many Jewish leaders knew it, though we don't know about all of them, since engagement in these matters was kept secret. The first known book in Kabbalah is [[Sefer Yetzirah]], attributed to [[Avraham Avinu]] (though it may have been written down in later generations). Among the prophets, there are prophecies describing Hashem's glory that belong to the secret part of Torah, in the books of Yeshayahu and Yechezkel, called Maaseh Merkavah. Chazal placed severe restrictions on engaging with these secrets, and even among the Tannaim and Amoraim, not all engaged with them.

	== In the Period of the Tannaim ==		==== In the Period of the Tannaim ====
	There were several [[Tannaim]] known for engaging in Toras HaSod. Among them were Rabbi Nechunya ben Hakanah, to whom several works in Toras HaSod are attributed: Sefer Hakanah, Sefer HaBahir, Sefer HaPliah, and Sefer HaTemunah; as well as Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva, to whom Pirkei Heichalos and others are attributed. The central figure among the Tannaim who engaged in Toras HaSod was Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, who together with his son Rabbi Elazar and other Tannaim from his group composed the Zohar. This book was hidden for over a thousand years (though some Geonim and Rishonim may have known it), and was revealed in the first century of the sixth millennium by the Kabbalist Rabbi Moshe de Leon. Since its publication, the book became a foundational text of Kabbalah, and many Kabbalistic writings are based on it.		There were several [[Tannaim]] known for engaging in Toras HaSod. Among them were Rabbi Nechunya ben Hakanah, to whom several works in Toras HaSod are attributed: Sefer Hakanah, Sefer HaBahir, Sefer HaPliah, and Sefer HaTemunah; as well as Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva, to whom Pirkei Heichalos and others are attributed. The central figure among the Tannaim who engaged in Toras HaSod was Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, who together with his son Rabbi Elazar and other Tannaim from his group composed the Zohar. This book was hidden for over a thousand years (though some Geonim and Rishonim may have known it), and was revealed in the first century of the sixth millennium by the Kabbalist Rabbi Moshe de Leon. Since its publication, the book became a foundational text of Kabbalah, and many Kabbalistic writings are based on it.

	== In the Period of the Rishonim ==		==== In the Period of the Rishonim ====
	At the end of the Geonic period, Rabbi Aharon ben Shmuel HaNasi, a sage from Bavel who migrated to Italy, is known to have transmitted Toras HaSod to Italy. Rabbi Moshe ben Kalonymus received the secrets of Kabbalah from him, and after his family, the Kalonymus family, moved from Italy to Ashkenaz - a tradition of transmitting Toras HaSod developed among Ashkenazic scholars, up to Rabbi Shmuel HaChassid and his son Yehudah HaChassid, as well as Rabbi Elazar of Worms, the Rokeach, who established a circle of "Chassidim" who engaged in this Torah (now known as "Chassidei Ashkenaz").		At the end of the Geonic period, Rabbi Aharon ben Shmuel HaNasi, a sage from Bavel who migrated to Italy, is known to have transmitted Toras HaSod to Italy. Rabbi Moshe ben Kalonymus received the secrets of Kabbalah from him, and after his family, the Kalonymus family, moved from Italy to Ashkenaz - a tradition of transmitting Toras HaSod developed among Ashkenazic scholars, up to Rabbi Shmuel HaChassid and his son Yehudah HaChassid, as well as Rabbi Elazar of Worms, the Rokeach, who established a circle of "Chassidim" who engaged in this Torah (now known as "Chassidei Ashkenaz").

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	The Rebbe Maharash told his son, the Rebbe Rashab, during one of their lessons in Moreh Nevuchim, that he had a tradition from rebbe to rebbe back to the Baal Shem Tov that the Rambam was a great Kabbalist, and the reason he didn't reveal this (even by hint, like Rashi) was because it was a dangerous time to reveal matters of Kabbalah even by hint		The Rebbe Maharash told his son, the Rebbe Rashab, during one of their lessons in Moreh Nevuchim, that he had a tradition from rebbe to rebbe back to the Baal Shem Tov that the Rambam was a great Kabbalist, and the reason he didn't reveal this (even by hint, like Rashi) was because it was a dangerous time to reveal matters of Kabbalah even by hint

	== The Kabbalists of Tzfas ==		==== The Kabbalists of Tzfas ====
	Kabbalah received extensive attention among the sages of Tzfas during the fourth century of the sixth millennium (the 1500s). Among the most famous were Rabbi Moshe Alshich, Rabbi Shlomo Alkabetz, and the Radbaz. During that period, Rabbi Moshe Cordovero, the Ramak, lived and worked, teaching many students Kabbalah. In his great work Pardes Rimonim, he organized the approaches of earlier Kabbalists, summarized and decided between them, and explained his approach to Kabbalah.		Kabbalah received extensive attention among the sages of Tzfas during the fourth century of the sixth millennium (the 1500s). Among the most famous were Rabbi Moshe Alshich, Rabbi Shlomo Alkabetz, and the Radbaz. During that period, Rabbi Moshe Cordovero, the Ramak, lived and worked, teaching many students Kabbalah. In his great work Pardes Rimonim, he organized the approaches of earlier Kabbalists, summarized and decided between them, and explained his approach to Kabbalah.
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	The greatest influence on the transmission of Kabbalah was Rabbi Yitzchak Luria, the Arizal, who moved from Egypt to Tzfas in 5330 (1570) and during the two years until his passing in 5332 (1572) established a group of students (called "the Arizal's cubs") to whom he transmitted his secrets. After his passing, his greatest student, Rabbi Chaim Vital, organized and arranged his teachings, and he is the primary writer of the Arizal's writings. The Arizal's system of Kabbalah spread throughout all Jewish communities and became the central approach to Kabbalah until today, among Sephardic Kabbalists, Lithuanian scholars, and Chassidim.		The greatest influence on the transmission of Kabbalah was Rabbi Yitzchak Luria, the Arizal, who moved from Egypt to Tzfas in 5330 (1570) and during the two years until his passing in 5332 (1572) established a group of students (called "the Arizal's cubs") to whom he transmitted his secrets. After his passing, his greatest student, Rabbi Chaim Vital, organized and arranged his teachings, and he is the primary writer of the Arizal's writings. The Arizal's system of Kabbalah spread throughout all Jewish communities and became the central approach to Kabbalah until today, among Sephardic Kabbalists, Lithuanian scholars, and Chassidim.
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	Despite the importance of the Ramak's Kabbalah and its great influence on Kabbalah until today, the Arizal's Kabbalah is the more primary approach. Rabbi Chaim Vital testified that after the passing of his teachers, the Ramak and the Arizal, the Ramak appeared to him and revealed that although both Kabbalistic approaches are true, nevertheless "my way is according to the simple understanding for beginners in Kabbalah wisdom, while your teacher's [the Arizal's] way is inner and primary, and even I now in heaven only study according to your teacher's way." In Chassidus it was explained that the difference between the approaches is that "the Ramak's Kabbalah deals with the Sefiros of Tohu (matters of Tohu within Tikkun itself), while the Arizal's Kabbalah deals with Tikkun"; the Ramak's Kabbalah is also true, but the Arizal's Kabbalah is absolute truth, and wherever Kabbalists disagree, the decision follows his approach.		Despite the importance of the Ramak's Kabbalah and its great influence on Kabbalah until today, the Arizal's Kabbalah is the more primary approach. Rabbi Chaim Vital testified that after the passing of his teachers, the Ramak and the Arizal, the Ramak appeared to him and revealed that although both Kabbalistic approaches are true, nevertheless "my way is according to the simple understanding for beginners in Kabbalah wisdom, while your teacher's [the Arizal's] way is inner and primary, and even I now in heaven only study according to your teacher's way." In Chassidus it was explained that the difference between the approaches is that "the Ramak's Kabbalah deals with the Sefiros of Tohu (matters of Tohu within Tikkun itself), while the Arizal's Kabbalah deals with Tikkun"; the Ramak's Kabbalah is also true, but the Arizal's Kabbalah is absolute truth, and wherever Kabbalists disagree, the decision follows his approach.

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	However, halachically it's ruled that studying Kabbalah counts as part of learning Gemara, meaning learning that includes complete understanding and comprehension. The reason for this is that there are two ways of studying Kabbalah: when one learns just the main points concisely, or when one learns the concepts extensively with explanation. Learning in the first way is similar to learning Scripture, and the second to learning Gemara.		However, halachically it's ruled that studying Kabbalah counts as part of learning Gemara, meaning learning that includes complete understanding and comprehension. The reason for this is that there are two ways of studying Kabbalah: when one learns just the main points concisely, or when one learns the concepts extensively with explanation. Learning in the first way is similar to learning Scripture, and the second to learning Gemara.

	== Restrictions on Studying Kabbalah ==		==== Restrictions on Studying Kabbalah ====
	In Chazal there are restrictions on studying Pnimiyus HaTorah, and these restrictions were codified by the Rambam - that we don't teach Torah secrets except to one who has already learned much in the revealed Torah and has enough wisdom to grasp the secrets. However, these restrictions don't mean that the secret part of Torah itself is forbidden to study; the prohibition is only for people who due to their limited understanding cannot learn it. But this part itself is one of the parts of Torah and we are commanded to learn it just like any other part.		In Chazal there are restrictions on studying Pnimiyus HaTorah, and these restrictions were codified by the Rambam - that we don't teach Torah secrets except to one who has already learned much in the revealed Torah and has enough wisdom to grasp the secrets. However, these restrictions don't mean that the secret part of Torah itself is forbidden to study; the prohibition is only for people who due to their limited understanding cannot learn it. But this part itself is one of the parts of Torah and we are commanded to learn it just like any other part.

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	One of Chassidus's additions to Kabbalah is the concept of G-d's unity, which is explained and elucidated in Chassidus but doesn't appear in Kabbalah		One of Chassidus's additions to Kabbalah is the concept of G-d's unity, which is explained and elucidated in Chassidus but doesn't appear in Kabbalah

	== Learning Kabbalah Through Learning Chassidus ==		==== Learning Kabbalah Through Learning Chassidus ====
	In the revelation of Chassidus, the possibility emerged for every Jew to study the inner part of Torah as in Kabbalah, but without the restrictions that apply to this study. Therefore, in our generation, the obligation to study Pnimiyus HaTorah, and the fulfillment of the Arizal's words that in these generations it's a mitzvah to reveal Kabbalah wisdom, applies to studying Chassidus. In many of his letters, the Rebbe bases the obligation to study Chassidus on this halachic requirement and on these words of the Arizal<ref>See for example Igros Kodesh Volume 3, letter 510. Volume 7, letter 2150. Volume 15, letter 5702. And many others.</ref>.		In the revelation of Chassidus, the possibility emerged for every Jew to study the inner part of Torah as in Kabbalah, but without the restrictions that apply to this study. Therefore, in our generation, the obligation to study Pnimiyus HaTorah, and the fulfillment of the Arizal's words that in these generations it's a mitzvah to reveal Kabbalah wisdom, applies to studying Chassidus. In many of his letters, the Rebbe bases the obligation to study Chassidus on this halachic requirement and on these words of the Arizal<ref>See for example Igros Kodesh Volume 3, letter 510. Volume 7, letter 2150. Volume 15, letter 5702. And many others.</ref>.

	Two explanations are given for why specifically in recent generations Chassidus was revealed, allowing the study of Pnimiyus HaTorah without the restrictions related to Kabbalah: a) Because of the increased darkness in these generations of the footsteps of Moshiach, there is a necessity for a special power from Torah to overcome the darkness and awaken in divine service. b) Because of the approaching arrival of Moshiach when the whole world will engage in knowledge of Hashem, and there is a need to prepare for this.		Two explanations are given for why specifically in recent generations Chassidus was revealed, allowing the study of Pnimiyus HaTorah without the restrictions related to Kabbalah: a) Because of the increased darkness in these generations of the footsteps of Moshiach, there is a necessity for a special power from Torah to overcome the darkness and awaken in divine service. b) Because of the approaching arrival of Moshiach when the whole world will engage in knowledge of Hashem, and there is a need to prepare for this.

			==== Restrictions on studying Kabbalah Even in Our Times ====
	Even in our time, after the revelation of Chassidus, the restrictions on studying Kabbalah apply to those who don't learn it through Chassidus.		Even in our time, after the revelation of Chassidus, the restrictions on studying Kabbalah apply to those who don't learn it through Chassidus.

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	When Rabbi Yechezkel Ashlag passed before the Rebbe during dollar distribution and asked him to sign a proclamation that all Jewish people should study Kabbalah to bring the redemption - the Rebbe responded that it's accepted in Chabad that Chabad Chassidus is built on Kabbalistic foundations, but in a method of Chochmah, Binah, Daas, and therefore one who studies Chabad teachings also learns Kabbalah. When the Rav repeated his request, the Rebbe replied that as a grandson of the Alter Rebbe, he cannot sign a note saying one needs to study Kabbalah, as it might imply that one doesn't fulfill their obligation through Chabad teachings. When the Rav brought proof from the Alter Rebbe's language that writes "the Baal Shem Tov's words according to the Arizal's Kabbalah," suggesting that learning Chassidus isn't actually Kabbalah, the Rebbe responded that since the Alter Rebbe writes explicitly in another Igeres HaKodesh, he couldn't have contradicted himself elsewhere.		When Rabbi Yechezkel Ashlag passed before the Rebbe during dollar distribution and asked him to sign a proclamation that all Jewish people should study Kabbalah to bring the redemption - the Rebbe responded that it's accepted in Chabad that Chabad Chassidus is built on Kabbalistic foundations, but in a method of Chochmah, Binah, Daas, and therefore one who studies Chabad teachings also learns Kabbalah. When the Rav repeated his request, the Rebbe replied that as a grandson of the Alter Rebbe, he cannot sign a note saying one needs to study Kabbalah, as it might imply that one doesn't fulfill their obligation through Chabad teachings. When the Rav brought proof from the Alter Rebbe's language that writes "the Baal Shem Tov's words according to the Arizal's Kabbalah," suggesting that learning Chassidus isn't actually Kabbalah, the Rebbe responded that since the Alter Rebbe writes explicitly in another Igeres HaKodesh, he couldn't have contradicted himself elsewhere.
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	Nevertheless, there were Chabad Chassidim in the past who also engaged directly in studying Kabbalah. Particularly known was the Gaon and Chassid Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, the Rebbe's father (who wrote many books based on Kabbalah, of which only a few reached us). Also known as an expert in Kabbalah was Rabbi Menachem Zev Greenglass, who was a mashpia in Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim Montreal, Canada, and may he be separated for life, Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh, head of Od Yosef Chai Yeshiva.		Nevertheless, there were Chabad Chassidim in the past who also engaged directly in studying Kabbalah. Particularly known was the Gaon and Chassid Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, the Rebbe's father (who wrote many books based on Kabbalah, of which only a few reached us). Also known as an expert in Kabbalah was Rabbi Menachem Zev Greenglass, who was a mashpia in Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim Montreal, Canada, and may he be separated for life, Rabbi Yitzchak Ginsburgh, head of Od Yosef Chai Yeshiva.

	== For Further Reading: ==		== For Further Reading: ==
	Menachem Bronfman, The Kabbalists and the Rebbe, Kfar Chabad Weekly Issue 1926 page 123		Menachem Bronfman, The Kabbalists and the Rebbe, Kfar Chabad Weekly Issue 1926 page 123