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The Tzemach Tzedek
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== His Activities == The Tzemach Tzedek established a large yeshiva in Lubavitch, and in the early years of his nesius, he regularly gave shiurim to the special yungeleit in the yeshiva. His son, Rav Yisroel Noach, was the rosh magidei shiurim, and his son-in-law, Rav Levi Yitzchak Zalmanoff, was among the yeshiva's examiners. During the period of "Gezeiras HaCantonistim" (when Jewish children were kidnapped to serve in the army for twenty-five years), the Tzemach Tzedek would secretly send messages to all communities where the kidnappers were present, ensuring they would be placed in cherem (excommunication). He would strengthen the Cantonist children to maintain their Torah and mitzvos, and worked to redeem the kidnapped children. These activities were literally life-threatening, as they were considered rebellion against the monarchy. In 5597 (1837), he published his sefer Torah Ohr. In 5598 (1838), at the request of Chabad chassidim, he visited Mohilev, Minsk, and Vilna, returning through the Vitebsk region. During this journey, he also met with gedolei hamisnagdim who began discussing halachic matters with him. This journey helped quiet the machlokes between chassidim and misnagdim. In 5599 (1839), he purchased a large estate including farmland and forest, establishing there a settlement for Yidden who worked the land, also providing them with work implements. In 5603 (1843), the government appointed a committee of four representatives from the Jewish population to discuss laws pertaining to Yidden, particularly regarding chinuch, and the Tzemach Tzedek was chosen as one of them. During these gatherings, which lasted several months, he stood firm on preserving authentic Yiddishkeit and chinuch al taharas hakodesh. During these meetings, he was arrested twenty-two times due to his fierce protests. Ultimately, his demands were met. In 5605 (1845), he published the sefer Likkutei Torah containing the Alter Rebbe's maamarim with his own explanations and notations. The Tzemach Tzedek also founded the town of Shtzedrin in 5604 (1844), settling there about three hundred families, all Chabad chassidim. Because of this, he received recognition from the Russian government and was granted the title 'Honored Citizen for Generations.' The Tzemach Tzedek was known as a mattir agunos (one who found halachic solutions for agunos), and many agunos were sent to Lubavitch so he could find ways to free them from their status.
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