Editing Minyan (section)

== Conditions for Maintaining a Minyan ==

=== People who join the minyan: ===
Only adult Jewish men (who have reached the age of mitzvos) who are obligated in mitzvos join the minyan. A shoteh (mentally incompetent person), a cheresh who cannot hear and cannot speak (meaning one who lacks understanding and is exempt from mitzvos), and a katan (minor) do not join the minyan. Similarly, in exceptional cases, there are people whom halacha determines cannot join a minyan, such as someone who is under niduy (excommunication) or a sinner and the like.

Likewise, a woman cannot be included in a men's minyan for reasons of tznius and because of kvod hatzibur (honor of the congregation).

For Birchas Hazimon with ten people during Birchas Hamazon, there is an additional reason why women do not join, which is because of the halachic principle that in order to fulfill someone else's obligation, the one fulfilling it must be obligated at the same level. Since men are obligated in Birchas Hamazon from the Torah (d'oraisa), and women from the Rabbis (d'rabbanan), women cannot fulfill the obligation of men in Birchas Hamazon.

=== Joining together for a minyan: ===
In order for a minyan to be properly established according to halacha for saying davar shebikedusha (holy matters) that cannot be recited with fewer than ten, the participants need to be in the same room without the separation of a doorframe, even if they do not see each other.

According to certain opinions, it is possible to combine a minyan even when people are standing in separate rooms but can see each other.

When there is already a minyan joined together, anyone who sees or hears them can join with them and receive the reward of tefillah b'tzibur (prayer with a congregation), unless there is a public thoroughfare, something unclean, or avodah zarah (idolatry) separating between them, in which case the matter depends on a dispute among poskim. Additionally, a person who cannot for some reason go to the synagogue and pray with a minyan should try to pray at the time when the congregation is praying.

Regarding including Jews who are not Shabbos observant in a minyan, the Rebbe responded that as long as there are no valid witnesses according to halacha who testify to this, there is no impediment to including them in the minyan.
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